Editing 1890 Manifesto (section)

{{Short description|Mormon anti-polygamy statement}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2024}}
{{Further information|Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late 19th century}}
{{Infobox Bible chapter
|book=[[Doctrine and Covenants]]
|category=Official declaration
|caption=As published in the October 15, 1890 edition of the ''[[Woman's Exponent]]''
|image=Woodruff Manifesto in the October 15, 1890 edition of the Woman's Exponent.png
}}
The '''1890 Manifesto''' (also known as the '''Woodruff Manifesto''', the '''Anti-polygamy Manifesto''', or simply "'''the Manifesto'''") is a statement which officially advised against any future [[plural marriage]] in [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church). Issued by [[President of the Church (LDS Church)|Church President]] [[Wilford Woodruff]] in September 1890, the Manifesto was a response to mounting anti-polygamy pressure from the [[United States Congress]], which by 1890 had disincorporated the church, [[escheat]]ed its assets to the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]], and imprisoned many prominent [[polygamist]] Mormons. Upon its issuance, the LDS Church in conference accepted Woodruff's Manifesto as "authoritative and binding."

The Manifesto was a dramatic turning point in the [[history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|history of the LDS Church]]. It advised church members against entering into any marriage prohibited by the law of the land,<ref>{{Citation | last = Lyman | first = Edward Leo | title = Utah History Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Utah Press | year = 1994 | chapter = Manifesto (Plural Marriage) | chapter-url = https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/m/MANIFESTO_PLURAL_MARRIAGE.shtml | url = https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230530204027/https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/m/MANIFESTO_PLURAL_MARRIAGE.shtml | archive-date = May 30, 2023 | isbn =9780874804256 | access-date = August 15, 2024 | quote = The Manifesto ... affirmed the church president's intention to influence fellow members to obey the law of the land.}}</ref> and made it easier for [[Utah]] to become a [[U.S. state]]. Nevertheless, even after the Manifesto, the church quietly continued to perform a small number of plural marriages in the United States, Mexico, and Canada,<ref name = manifestoend>{{cite web|title=The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/topics/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage|website=lds.org|publisher=LDS Church|access-date=8 June 2015|quote=The ledger of 'marriages and sealings performed outside the temple,' which is not comprehensive, lists 315 marriages performed between October 17, 1890, and September 8, 1903. Of the 315 marriages recorded in the ledger, research indicates that 25 (7.9%) were plural marriages and 290 were monogamous marriages (92.1%). Almost all the monogamous marriages recorded were performed in Arizona or Mexico. Of the 25 plural marriages, 18 took place in Mexico, 3 in Arizona, 2 in Utah, and 1 each in Colorado and on a boat on the Pacific Ocean.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Quinn|first1=D. Michael|author-link1=D. Michael Quinn|title=LDS Church Authority and New Plural Marriages, 1890–1904|journal=[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought]]|date=1985 |volume=18|issue=1|pages=9–108|doi=10.2307/45225323 |jstor=45225323 |s2cid=259871046 |url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/dialogue/id/15581|access-date=8 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925092906/http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/dialogue/id/15581|archive-date=25 September 2015|doi-access=free}}</ref> thus necessitating a [[Second Manifesto]] during [[Reed Smoot hearings|U.S. congressional hearings]] in 1904. Though neither Manifesto dissolved existing plural marriages, plural marriage in the LDS Church gradually died by attrition during the early-to-mid 20th century. The Manifesto was canonized in the LDS Church [[standard works]] as '''Official Declaration 1'''<ref>{{citation |first= Melvyn |last= Hammarberg |year= 2013 |title= The Mormon Quest for Glory: The Religious World of the Latter-Day Saints |place= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press, US |page= 135 |isbn= 978-0-19-973762-8}}.</ref><ref>David E. Campbell, John C. Green, and [[J. Quin Monson]] (2014), ''Seeking the Promised Land: Mormons and American Politics'', New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 58–59, {{ISBN|978-1107662674}}.</ref> and is considered by mainstream [[Mormonism|Mormons]] to have been prompted by divine revelation (although not a revelation itself), in which Woodruff was shown that the church would be thrown into turmoil if they did not comply with it.<ref>[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/polygamy-latter-day-saints-and-the-practice-of-plural-marriage "Polygamy: Latter-day Saints and the Practice of Plural Marriage"], mormonnewsroom.org.</ref> Some [[Mormon fundamentalism|Mormon fundamentalists]] rejected the manifesto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Krakauer|first=Jon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DQaTU7Opq0C|title=Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith|date=2004|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4000-7899-8|pages=139, 254–255|language=en}}</ref>