Editing 4-4-0 (section)

{{Short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Infobox steam wheel arrangement
| name             = 4-4-0 ("American" or "Eight-Wheeler")
| image            = WheelArrangement 4-4-0.svg
| alt              = Diagram of two small leading wheels and two large coupled wheels
| caption          = Front of locomotive at left
| image2           = 1836 Campbell 4-4-0 Steam Locomotive patent.png
| alt2             = 
| caption2         = 1836 Patent drawing of the first 4-4-0 locomotive
<!--Equivalent classifications-->
| hatnote          = 
| UIC/Germany/Italy= 2′B 
| French/Spanish   = 220
| Turkish          = 24
| Swiss            = 2/4
| Russian          = 2-2-0
<!--First tank engine version-->
| date             = 1849
| country          = United Kingdom
| locomotive       = [[GWR Bogie Class]]
| railway          = [[South Devon Railway Company|South Devon Railway]]
| designer         = 
| builder          = [[Great Western Railway]]
| evolvedfrom      = 
| evolvedto        = 
| mainbenefit      = 
| maindrawback     = 
<!--First tender engine version-->
| date2            = 1836
| country2         = [[United States]] 
| locomotive2      = 
| railway2         = Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railway
| designer2        = [[Henry Roe Campbell]]
| builder2         = Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railway
| evolvedfrom2     = {{whyte|4-2-0}}
| evolvedto2       = {{whyte|4-4-2}}
| mainbenefit2     = Better tractive effort than the 4-2-0
| maindrawback2    = Could only pull a few cars due to its small size
<!--First "True type" version-->
| date3            = 
| country3         = 
| locomotive3      = 
| railway3         = 
| designer3        = 
| builder3         = 
| evolvedfrom3     = 
| evolvedto3       = 
| mainbenefit3     = 
| maindrawback3    = 
}}

'''4-4-0''', in the [[Whyte notation]], denotes a [[steam locomotive]] with a [[wheel arrangement]] of four [[leading wheel]]s on two axles (usually in a leading [[bogie]]), four powered and coupled [[driving wheel]]s on two axles, and no [[trailing wheel]]s.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "'''standard'''" or "'''Eight-Wheeler'''" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in [[North America]] owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their {{whyte|4-2-0}} and {{whyte|2-4-0}} locomotives as 4-4-0s.<ref name="White" /><ref name="Kinert">Kinert, Reed. (1962). ''Early American steam locomotives; 1st seven decades: 1830-1900''. Seattle, WA: Superior Publishing Company.</ref>

In April 1872, ''[[Railroad Gazette]]'' used "'''American'''" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.<ref name="White">White, John H., Jr. (1968). ''A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830-1880''. New York: [[Dover Publications]], pp. 46-. {{ISBN|0-486-23818-0}}</ref>

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had [[Tender (rail)|tenders]], though some [[tank locomotive]]s (designated 4-4-0T) were built.