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4-8-0
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{{Short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}} {{Infobox steam wheel arrangement | name = 4-8-0 (Twelve-wheeler <ref name="LCyclo">{{cite encyclopedia| title=Locomotives: Whyte's Notation| encyclopedia=Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMY1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA106| publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation| year=1922| pages=106β107}}</ref><ref name="railroad pocket-book">{{cite book| last=Colvin| first=Fred H.| author-link=Fred H. Colvin| year=1906| title=The railroad pocket-book: a quick reference cyclopedia of railroad information| publisher=New York, Derry-Collard; London, Locomotive Publishing Company (US-UK co-edition)| page=Lβ9 <!-- Not a range --> | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HhUx85xep4cC }}</ref>) | image = WheelArrangement 4-8-0.svg | alt = Diagram of two small leading wheels, and four large driving wheels joined by a coupling rod | caption = Front of locomotive at left | image2 = Centipede 4-8-0.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = The ''Centipede'' as built (bottom) and as modified by the B&O Railroad (top) <!--Equivalent classifications--> | hatnote = | UIC/Germany/Italy= 2β²D | French/Spanish = 240 | Turkish = 46 | Swiss = 4/6 | Russian = 2-4-0 <!--First known tank engine version--> | date = 1909 | country = United Kingdom | locomotive = [[NER Class X]] | railway = [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] | designer = [[Wilson Worsdell]] | builder = North Eastern Railway | evolvedfrom = | evolvedto = | mainbenefit = | maindrawback = <!--First known tender engine version--> | date2 = 1855 | country2 = United States of America | locomotive2 = B&O no. 235 ''Centipede'' | railway2 = [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] | designer2 = [[Ross Winans]] | builder2 = Ross Winans | evolvedfrom2 = | evolvedto2 = | mainbenefit2 = | maindrawback2 = <!--First known "True type" version--> | date3 = 1882 | country3 = United States | locomotive3 = 229 ''Mastodon'' | railway3 = Central Pacific Railroad | designer3 = Andrew Jackson Stevens | builder3 = Central Pacific Sacramento shops | evolvedfrom3 = [[2-8-0]] | evolvedto3 = [[4-8-2]] | mainbenefit3 = Better power than [[2-8-0]] | maindrawback3 = Small firebox }} Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''{{nowrap|4-8-0}}''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of four [[leading wheel]]s on two axles, usually in a [[leading truck]] or [[bogie]], eight powered and coupled [[driving wheel]]s on four axles and no [[trailing wheel]]s. In [[North America]] and in some other countries the type was usually known as the '''Twelve-wheeler'''.<ref name="LCyclo" /><ref name="railroad pocket-book" />
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