Editing 5-HT receptor (section)

{{Short description|Class of transmembrane proteins}}
[[File:4IAR.png|thumb|220px|The [[5-HT1B receptor|5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptor]] as an example of a [[metabotropic]] serotonin receptor. Its [[X-ray crystallography#Biological macromolecular crystallography|crystallographic structure]] in [[ribbon representation]]]]

'''5-HT receptors''', '''5-hydroxytryptamine receptors''', or '''serotonin receptors''',  are a group of [[G protein-coupled receptor]] and [[ligand-gated ion channel]]s found in multiple tissues including the [[Central nervous system|central]] and [[peripheral nervous system]]s.<ref name="pmid7938165">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoyer D, Clarke DE, Fozard JR, Hartig PR, Martin GR, Mylecharane EJ, Saxena PR, Humphrey PP | display-authors = 6 | title = International Union of Pharmacology classification of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin) | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 157–203 | date = June 1994 | pmid = 7938165 | url = http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/2/157 }}</ref><ref name="isbn0-397-51820-X">{{cite book |vauthors=Frazer A, Hensler JG |veditors=Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, Fisher SK, Uhler MD | title = Basic Neurochemistry: MolecularCellular, and Medical Aspects | publisher = Lippincott-Raven | location = Philadelphia | year = 1999| pages = 263–292| isbn = 978-0-397-51820-3 | chapter= Chapter 13: Serotonin Receptors | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=bnchm.section.963  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Beliveau V, Ganz M, Feng L, Ozenne B, Højgaard L, Fisher PM, Svarer C, Greve DN, Knudsen GM | display-authors = 6 | title = A High-Resolution In Vivo Atlas of the Human Brain's Serotonin System | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 120–128 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28053035 | pmc = 5214625 | doi = 10.1523/jneurosci.2830-16.2016 }}</ref> They mediate both [[Neurotransmitter#Excitatory and inhibitory|excitatory and inhibitory]] [[Synaptic transmission|neurotransmission]]. The [[serotonin]] (i.e., 5-hydroxytryptamine, hence "5-HT") receptors are activated by the [[neurotransmitter]] [[serotonin]], which acts as their natural [[Ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]].

The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including [[glutamic acid|glutamate]], [[gamma-Aminobutyric acid|GABA]], [[dopamine]], [[epinephrine]] / [[norepinephrine]], and [[acetylcholine]], as well as many hormones, including [[oxytocin]], [[prolactin]], [[vasopressin]], [[cortisol]], [[corticotropin]], and [[substance P]], among others. Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, [[anxiety]], appetite, [[cognition]], learning, memory, [[Mood (psychology)|mood]], nausea, sleep, and [[thermoregulation]]. They are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, including many [[antidepressant]]s, [[antipsychotic]]s, [[anorectic]]s, [[antiemetic]]s, [[gastroprokinetic agent]]s, [[Antimigraine|antimigraine agents]], [[hallucinogen]]s, and [[empathogen-entactogen|entactogens]].<ref name="pmid18476671">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nichols DE, Nichols CD | title = Serotonin receptors | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 108 | issue = 5 | pages = 1614–1641 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18476671 | doi = 10.1021/cr078224o }}</ref>

Serotonin receptors are found in almost all animals and are even known to regulate longevity and behavioral aging in the primitive [[nematode]], ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Murakami H, Murakami S | title = Serotonin receptors antagonistically modulate Caenorhabditis elegans longevity | journal = Aging Cell | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 483–488 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17559503 | doi = 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00303.x | s2cid = 8345654 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Murakami H, Bessinger K, Hellmann J, Murakami S | title = Manipulation of serotonin signal suppresses early phase of behavioral aging in Caenorhabditis elegans | journal = Neurobiology of Aging | volume = 29 | issue = 7 | pages = 1093–1100 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 17336425 | doi = 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.01.013 | s2cid = 37671716 }}</ref>