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7 Iris
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{{Short description|Large main-belt asteroid}} {{About|the asteroid||Iris (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | background = #D6D6D6 | name = 7 Iris | symbol = [[File:Iris symbol (fixed width).svg|32px]] (historical) | image = Iris asteroid eso.jpg | image_scale = | caption = Iris imaged by the [[Very Large Telescope]] in 2017<ref name="Hanus2019">{{cite journal |title=The shape of (7) Iris as evidence of an ancient large impact? |first1=J. |last1=Hanuš |first2=M. |last2=Marsset |first3=P. |last3=Vernazza |first4=M. |last4=Viikinkoski |first5=A. |last5=Drouard |first6=M. |last6=Brož |first7=B. |last7=Carry |first8=R. |last8=Fetick |display-authors=6 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=624 |number=A121 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201834541 |arxiv=1902.09242 |bibcode=2018DPS....5040406H |date=24 April 2019|pages=A121 |s2cid=119089163 }}</ref> | discoverer = [[John Russell Hind]] | discovered = 13 August 1847 | mpc_name = (7) Iris | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|r|ᵻ|s}}<ref>{{OED|iris}}</ref> | adjectives = Iridian {{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˈ|r|ɪ|d|i|ə|n|,_|aɪ|-}}<ref>{{OED|iridian}}</ref> | alt_names = | named_after = [[Iris (mythology)|Īris]] | mp_category = [[Main belt]] | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata"/> | epoch = 13 September 2023<br/>([[Julian day|JD]] 2453300.5) | semimajor = {{Convert|2.387|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}} | perihelion = {{Convert|1.838|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}} | time_periastron = 4 April 2025 | aphelion = {{Convert|2.935|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=on}} | eccentricity = 0.22977 | period = 3.69 [[Julian year (astronomy)|a]] (1346.8 d) | inclination = 5.519° | asc_node = 259.5° | arg_peri = 145.4° | mean_anomaly = 207.9° | moid = {{Convert|0.85|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}}<ref name="jpldata"/> | avg_speed = 19.03 km/s | p_orbit_ref = <ref name=Iris-POE>{{cite web |title=AstDyS-2 Iris Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements |publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=7 |access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> | p_semimajor = 2.3862106 | p_eccentricity = 0.2125516 | p_inclination = 6.3924857° | p_mean_motion = 97.653672 | perihelion_rate = 38.403324 | node_rate = −46.447128 | dimensions = {{val|268|x|234|x|180|u=km}}<br />± {{small|({{val|5|x|4|x|6|u=km}})}}<ref name="Hanus2019"/><br />{{val|225|x|190|x|190|u=km}}<ref name=Kaasalainen2002>{{cite journal| url=http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjk/IcarPIII.pdf| first= M.| last= Kaasalainen| title=Models of twenty asteroids from photometric data| journal= Icarus| volume= 159| issue=2| pages= 369–395| date=2002| doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6907| bibcode=2002Icar..159..369K|display-authors=etal}}</ref> | mean_diameter = {{val|199|10|u=km}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dudziński |first=G |display-authors=etal |date=14 October 2020 |title=Volume uncertainty of (7) Iris shape models from disc-resolved images |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=499 |issue=3 |pages=4545–4560 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staa3153 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711 |hdl=10261/237568|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="VLT">{{Cite journal |last=Vernazza |first=P. |display-authors=etal |date=October 2021 |title=VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis |journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]] |volume=654 |pages=A56 |bibcode=2021A&A...654A..56V |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202141781 |issn=0004-6361 |hdl=10261/263281 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><br />{{val|214|5|u=km}}<ref name="Hanus2019"/><br />{{val|199.83|10|u=km}} ([[IRAS]])<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type=2023-07-08 last obs. |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7 Iris |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=7 |publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> | flattening = 0.42{{refn|1=Flattening derived from the maximum aspect ratio (c/a): <math>f=1-\frac{c}{a}</math>, where (c/a) = {{val|0.58|0.07}}.<ref name=VLT/>|group=lower-alpha}} | surface_area = {{val|538460|u=km2}}{{refn|Calculated based on parameters calculated by J. Hanuš et al.<ref name="Hanus2019"/>|name=fact|group=lower-alpha}} | volume = {{val|37153500|u=km3}}<ref group=lower-alpha name=fact/> | mass = {{val|13.5|2.3|e=18|u=kg}}<ref name=VLT/>{{val|13.75|1.3|e=18|u=kg}}<ref name="Hanus2019"/> | density = {{val|3.26|0.74|u=g/cm3}}<ref name=VLT/><br />{{val|2.7|0.3|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Hanus2019"/> | surface_grav = {{Gr|0.01375|107|3}} m/s² | escape_velocity = {{V2|0.01375|107|3}} km/s | rotation = {{convert|7.138843|h|d|abbr=on}}<ref name="Hanus2019"/> | rot_velocity = 25.4 m/s<ref group=lower-alpha name=fact/> | spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] | magnitude = 6.7<ref name="Pasachoff1983">{{cite book | author=Donald H. Menzel | author2=Jay M. Pasachoff | name-list-style=amp | date=1983 | title=A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets | edition=2nd | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | pages=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetostar00menz_0/page/391 391] | location=Boston, MA | isbn=0-395-34835-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetostar00menz_0/page/391 }}</ref><ref name=bright2006>{{cite web |title=Bright Minor Planets 2006 |publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]] |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/Ephemerides/Bright/2006 |access-date=2008-05-21 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} </ref> to 11.4 | abs_magnitude = 5.64<ref name="jpldata"/> | albedo = 0.279<ref name=VLT/><br />{{val|0.2766|0.030}}<ref name="jpldata"/> | angular_size = 0.32" <!-- Horizons 2006-Nov-15 --> to 0.07" | single_temperature = ~171 [[kelvin|K]]<br />''max:'' 275 K (+2°C) }} '''7 Iris''' is a large [[main-belt]] asteroid and possible remnant [[planetesimal]] orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. It is the fourth-brightest object in the [[asteroid belt]]. 7 Iris is classified as an [[S-type asteroid]], meaning that it has a stony composition.
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