Editing AMPA (section)

{{Other uses}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477236183
| ImageFile = AMPA.svg
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageClass = skin-invert
| IUPACName = 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 4131
| InChIKey = UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYAT
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo = 74341-63-2
| PubChem = 1221
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 276815
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB02057
| KEGG_Ref = C13672
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C7H10N2O4/c1-3-4(6(10)9-13-3)2-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = O=C1/C(=C(\ON1)C)CC(N)C(=O)O
| InChI = 1/C7H10N2O4/c1-3-4(6(10)9-13-3)2-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1184
| MeSHName = AMPA
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=7 | H=10 | N=2 | O=4
| Appearance =
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
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| Solubility =
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
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}}

'''α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid''', better known as '''AMPA''', is a [[Chemical compound|compound]] that is a specific [[agonist]] for the [[AMPA receptor]], where it mimics the effects of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[Glutamate (neurotransmitter)|glutamate]].<ref name=Purves2008>{{cite book |author=Purves, Dale |author2=George J. Augustine |author3=David Fitzpatrick |author4=William C. Hall |author5=Anthony-Samuel LaMantia |author6=James O. McNamara |author7=Leonard E. White |name-list-style=amp|title=Neuroscience|edition=4th|publisher=Sinauer Associates|pages=128–33|year=2008|isbn=978-0-87893-697-7}}</ref>

There are several types of glutamatergic ion channels in the central nervous system including AMPA, [[kainic acid]] and [[N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid|''N''-methyl-<small>D</small>-aspartic acid]] (NMDA) channels. In the [[Chemical synapse|synapse]], these receptors serve very different purposes. AMPA can be used experimentally to distinguish the activity of one receptor from the other in order to understand their differing functions.<ref name=Dinh2009>{{cite journal|last1=Dinh|first1=L|author2=Nguyen T |author3=Salgado H |author4=Atzori M |title=Norepinephrine homogeneously inhibits alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate- (AMPAR-) mediated currents in all layers of the temporal cortex of the rat|journal=Neurochem Res|volume=34|issue=11|pages=1896–906|year=2009|pmid=19357950|doi=10.1007/s11064-009-9966-z|s2cid=25255160}}</ref> AMPA generates fast [[excitatory postsynaptic potential]]s (EPSP).<ref name=Purves2008/> AMPA activates AMPA receptors that are non-selective cationic channels allowing the passage of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> and therefore have an [[equilibrium potential]] near 0&nbsp;mV.

AMPA was first synthesized, along with several other [[ibotenic acid]] derivatives, by [[Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen|Krogsgaard-Larsen]], Honoré, and others toward differentiating glutamate sensitive receptors from aspartate sensitive receptors.<ref name = KrogsgaardLarsen1980>{{cite journal |last1=Krogsgaard-Larsen|first1=P|author2=Honore T |author3=Hansen JJ |author4=Curtis DR|author5=Lodge D |title=New class of glutamate agonist structurally related to ibotenic acid|journal=Nature|volume=284|pages=64–66|year=1980|issue=5751|pmid=6101908|doi=10.1038/284064a0|bibcode=1980Natur.284...64K|s2cid=4252428}}</ref>