Editing AMPA receptor (section)

{{Short description|Transmembrane protein family}}
[[Image:AMPA receptor.png|right|thumb|350px|The AMPA receptor bound to a glutamate antagonist showing the amino terminal, ligand binding, and transmembrane domain, PDB 3KG2]]
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The '''α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor''' ('''[[AMPA]] receptor''', '''AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor''') is an [[ionotropic receptor|ionotropic]] [[glutamate receptor]] ([[iGluR]]) and predominantly sodium ion channel that mediates fast excitatory neurotransmission in the [[Central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tian |first1=Xuejun |last2=Feig |first2=Larry A. |date=2006-03-17 |title=Age-dependent Participation of Ras-GRF Proteins in Coupling Calcium-permeable AMPA Glutamate Receptors to Ras/Erk Signaling in Cortical Neurons * |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=281 |issue=11 |pages=7578–7582 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M512060200 |doi-access=free |issn=0021-9258 |pmid=16407208}}</ref>  Its activation by the neurotransmitter [[Glutamate (neurotransmitter)|glutamate]] facilitates rapid neuronal communication, essential for various brain functions, including learning and memory.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamalova |first1=Aichurok |last2=Nakagawa |first2=Terunaga |date=January 2021 |orig-date=2020 Feb 18 |title=AMPA receptor structure and auxiliary subunits |journal=The Journal of Physiology |volume=599 |issue=2 |pages=453–469 |doi=10.1113/JP278701 |issn=0022-3751 |pmc=7392800 |pmid=32004381}}</ref> Its name is derived from the ability to be activated by the artificial glutamate analog [[AMPA]]. The receptor was initially named the "[[Quisqualic acid|quisqualate]] receptor" by Watkins and colleagues after the naturally occurring agonist [[quisqualic acid|quisqualate]].<ref name=":1" /> Later, the receptor was designated as the "AMPA receptor" following the development of the selective agonist AMPA by Tage Honore and colleagues at the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy in Copenhagen.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Honoré T, Lauridsen J, Krogsgaard-Larsen P | title = The binding of [3H]AMPA, a structural analogue of glutamic acid, to rat brain membranes | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 173–8 | date = January 1982 | pmid = 6125564 | doi = 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb10868.x | s2cid = 42753770 }}</ref> The ''GRIA2''-encoded AMPA receptor ligand binding core (GluA2 LBD) was the first glutamate receptor ion channel domain to be [[protein crystal|crystallized]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Armstrong and Gouaux (2000) Mechanisms for Activation and Antagonism of an AMPA-Sensitive Glutamate Receptor: Crystal Structures of the GluR2 Ligand Binding Core. |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00094-5|pmid=11086992 |volume=28|year=2000|journal=Neuron|pages=165–181|vauthors=Armstrong N|issue=1 |s2cid=3128719|doi-access=free}}</ref>