Editing Abaddon (section)

{{Short description|Place of destruction and the archangel of the abyss in the Hebrew Bible}}
{{Redirect|Apollyon}}
{{About|the Hebrew word}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

[[Image:Christianandapollyon.jpg|right|Apollyon (top) battling Christian in [[John Bunyan]]'s ''[[The Pilgrim's Progress]]''|250px|thumb]]
The Hebrew term '''Abaddon''' ({{langx|he|אֲבַדּוֹן}} {{Transliteration|he|’Ăḇaddōn}}, meaning "destruction", "doom") and its Greek equivalent '''Apollyon''' ({{langx|grc-x-koine|Ἀπολλύων}}, ''Apollúōn'' meaning "Destroyer") appear in the [[Bible]] as both a place of destruction and an [[angel]] of the abyss. In the [[Hebrew Bible]], ''abaddon'' is used with reference to a bottomless pit, often appearing alongside the place [[Sheol]] ({{lang|he|שְׁאוֹל}} {{Transliteration|he|Šəʾōl}}), meaning the resting place of dead peoples.

In the [[Book of Revelation]] of the [[New Testament]], an angel called Abaddon is described as the king of an army of [[locust]]s; his name is first transcribed in Koine Greek (Revelation 9:11—"whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon") as {{lang|grc|Ἀβαδδών}}, and then translated {{lang|grc|Ἀπολλύων}}, ''Apollyon''. The [[Vulgate]] and the [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] have additional notes not present in the Greek text, "in Latin ''Exterminans''", {{Lang|la|exterminans}} being the Latin word for "destroyer".

In medieval Christian literature, Abaddon's portrayal diverges significantly, as seen in the "[[Song of Roland]]", an 11th-century epic poem. Abaddon is depicted as part of a fictional trinity, alongside [[Muhammad|Mahome]] (Mahound) and [[Termagant]] (Termagaunt), which the poem attributes to the religious practices of Muslims.<ref name="faculty.sgsc.edu">{{cite web |url=http://faculty.sgsc.edu/rkelley/rolandsg.htm |title=The Song of Roland: An Analytical Edition |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref>