Editing Abu Nidal Organization (section)

{{Short description|1974–1997 Palestinian nationalist militant group}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Fatah Revolutionary Council|Fatah's Revolutionary Council]] within the Palestine Liberation Organization}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Expand Spanish|Fatah-RC|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox war faction
| name             = Abu Nidal Organization
| native_name      = {{lang|ar|منظمة أبو نضال|rtl=yes}}
| war              = 
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{unbulletedlist
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{flag|United States}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| {{flag|Canada}}
| {{flag|European Union|name=EU}}
| {{flag|Japan}}}}
| image            = Abu Nidal Organization flag.jpg
| native_name_lang = ar
| caption          = 
| active           = 1974–2002
| other_name       = Fatah – Revolutionary Council
| founding_leader  = [[Abu Nidal]]
| ideology         = [[Palestinian nationalism]]<br />[[Anti-Zionism]]<br />[[Pan-Arabism]]<ref name=":0" /><br />[[Secularism]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html |title=The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism - an Overview &#124; Target America &#124; FRONTLINE &#124; PBS |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=2018-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912020220/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html |archive-date=2017-09-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=D. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9rBpDinDjI8C&pg=PA414 |title=The New Terrorism: Islamist International |date=2005 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-799-3 |pages=414 |language=en |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115210747/https://books.google.com/books?id=9rBpDinDjI8C&pg=PA414 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| clans            = 
| headquarters     = 
| area             = 
| attacks          = ''[[List of attacks attributed to Abu Nidal]]''
| status           = Defunct
| size             = 
| split_from       = [[Fatah]]
| allies           = {{unbulletedlist
| {{flagicon|Iraq|1963}} [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]]
| {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]]
| {{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
| {{flag|Egypt}}}}
| opponents        = {{unbulletedlist
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine - short triangle.svg}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]}}
| url              = 
}}

The '''Abu Nidal Organization''' ('''ANO'''; {{Langx|ar|منظمة أبو نضال}} {{Transliteration|ar|Munaẓẓamat Abu Nidal}}), officially '''Fatah – Revolutionary Council''' ({{Lang|ar|فتح – المجلس الثوري|rtl=yes}} {{Transliteration|ar|Fatah al-Majles al-Thawry}}), was a [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian militant group]] founded by [[Abu Nidal]] in 1974. It broke away from [[Fatah]], a faction within the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], following the emergence of a rift between Abu Nidal and [[Yasser Arafat]]. The ANO was designated as a terrorist organization by [[Israel]], the [[United States]],<ref name="StateDepartment2014">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224829.htm |title=Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations // Country Reports on Terrorism 2013 |year=2014 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210001226/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224829.htm |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[United Kingdom]],<ref name=":0">{{cite act |title=Terrorism Act 2000 |title-link=Terrorism Act 2000 |date=2000-07-20 |reporter=UK Public General Acts |volume=2000 c. 11 |chapter=Schedule 2: Proscribed Organisations |chapter-url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |access-date=2018-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |archive-date=2013-01-21 |url-status=live }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-04-28 |archive-date=2013-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2018 |title=Currently listed entities |url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx#2 |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005193024/https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx#2 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[European Union]]<ref name="eu2011">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Notice for the attention of Abu Nidal Organisation 'ANO' — (a.k.a. 'Fatah Revolutionary Council', a.k.a. 'Arab Revolutionary Brigades', a.k.a. 'Black September', a.k.a. Revolutionary Organisation of Socialist Muslims included on the list provided for in Article 2(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52011XG0624(01)&rid=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214042931/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52011XG0624(01)&rid=1 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=13 December 2014 |publisher=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref> and [[Japan]].<ref name="Japan_ban">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2002/7/0705.html |title=MOFA: Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like |access-date=2013-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406134416/http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2002/7/0705.html |archive-date=2013-04-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, a number of [[Arab world|Arab countries]] supported the group's activities; it was backed by [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]] from 1974 to 1983, by [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]] from 1983 to 1987, and by [[Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]] from 1987 to 1997. It briefly cooperated with [[Egypt]] from 1997 to 1998, but ultimately returned{{clarify|date=May 2025}} to Iraq in December 1998, where it continued to have the state's backing until Abu Nidal's death in August 2002.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sloan |first1=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVcG7EkuPgAC&pg=PA186 |title=Historical Dictionary of Terrorism |last2=Anderson |first2=Sean K. |date=2009-08-03 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6311-8 |pages=186 |language=en |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212233/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVcG7EkuPgAC&pg=PA186 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In practice, the ANO was [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] and [[Secularism|secularist]], as well as [[Anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]] and [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=D. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9rBpDinDjI8C&pg=PA414 |title=The New Terrorism: Islamist International |date=2005 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-799-3 |pages=414 |language=en |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115210747/https://books.google.com/books?id=9rBpDinDjI8C&pg=PA414 |url-status=live }}</ref> In theory, it was not particularly associated with any specific ideology—or at least no such foundation was declared.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html |title=The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism - an Overview &#124; Target America &#124; FRONTLINE &#124; PBS |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=2018-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912020220/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html |archive-date=2017-09-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mackenzieinstitute.com/abu-nidal-organization-ano-k-fatah-revolutionary-council-arab-revolutionary-brigades-revolutionary-organization-socialist-muslims-2/ |title=Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) - Mackenzie Institute |access-date=2018-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072337/http://mackenzieinstitute.com/abu-nidal-organization-ano-k-fatah-revolutionary-council-arab-revolutionary-brigades-revolutionary-organization-socialist-muslims-2/ |archive-date=2018-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was mostly linked with the pursuit of Abu Nidal's personal agendas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mackenzieinstitute.com/terrorism-profile-abu-nidal-organization-ano/|title=Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)|website=The Mackenzie Institute|access-date=2020-11-03|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301093959/https://mackenzieinstitute.com/terrorism-profile-abu-nidal-organization-ano/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ANO was established to carry on an armed struggle in pursuit of [[pan-Arabism]] and the [[Calls for the destruction of Israel|destruction of Israel]].<ref name=":0" /> Like other Palestinian militant groups, the ANO carried out worldwide hijackings, assassinations, kidnappings of diplomats, and attacks on [[Synagogue|synagogues]]. It was responsible for 90 terrorist attacks between 1974 and 1992. In 2002, Abu Nidal died under disputed circumstances in [[Baghdad]], with Palestinian sources claiming that he was assassinated on the orders of Iraqi president [[Saddam Hussein]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/20/israel|title=Mystery death of Abu Nidal, once the world's most wanted terrorist|date=August 20, 2002|website=the Guardian|access-date=February 22, 2021|archive-date=February 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211082118/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/20/israel|url-status=live}}</ref>