Editing Active measures (section)

{{short description|Political warfare conducted by the USSR & Russia}}
{{Other uses|Active Measures (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox Russian term
| image = File:Lubyanka Building.jpg
| caption = [[Lubyanka Building]], the headquarters of [[KGB]] and later [[Federal Security Service|FSB]]
| russian              = активные мероприятия
| rusr                 = aktivnye meropriyatiya
| native pronunciation = {{IPA|ru|ɐkˈtʲivnɨje mʲɪrəprʲɪˈjætʲɪjə|}}
| literal meaning      = 
}}

'''Active measures''' ({{langx|ru|активные мероприятия|translit=aktivnye meropriyatiya}}) is a term used to describe [[political warfare]] conducted by the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The term, which dates back to the 1920s, includes operations such as [[espionage]], [[propaganda]], [[sabotage]] and [[assassination]], based on foreign policy objectives of the Soviet and Russian governments.<ref name="am">{{cite journal |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/point-view/2017-05-30/active-measures-russias-key-export |title=Active Measures: Russia's key export |last1=Darczewska |first1=Jolanta |last2=Żochowski |first2=Piotr |name-list-style=amp |date=June 2017 |journal=Point of View |publisher=[[Centre for Eastern Studies|OSW]] |number=64 |isbn=978-83-65827-03-6 |access-date=4 February 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171009/https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/point-view/2017-05-30/active-measures-russias-key-export |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |page=1 |author=Testimony of Alexander, Gen. (ret.) Keith B. |author-link=Keith B. Alexander |title=Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns |date=March 30, 2017 |publisher=[[United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kalexander-033017.pdf |access-date=January 8, 2019 |archive-date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924042055/https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kalexander-033017.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mitrokhin">{{cite book |last1=Mitrokhin |first1=Vasili |author-link1=Vasili Mitrokhin |last2=Andrew |first2=Christopher |author-link2=Christopher Andrew (historian) |title=The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/25373/the-mitrokhin-archive-by-christopher-andrew-and-vasili-mitrokhin/9780141989488 |publisher=Penguin |date=2000 |isbn=0-14-028487-7 |id=[https://books.google.com/books?id=T3pzswEACAAJ google books] |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929154157/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/25373/the-mitrokhin-archive-by-christopher-andrew-and-vasili-mitrokhin/9780141989488 |url-status=live }}</ref> Active measures have continued to be used by the administration of [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abrams |first=Steve |date=2016 |title=Beyond Propaganda: Soviet Active Measures in Putin's Russia |journal=Connections |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=5–31 |doi=10.11610/Connections.15.1.01 |jstor=26326426 |issn=1812-1098|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Bertelsen |editor-first=Olga |title=Russian Active Measures: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow |date=March 2021 |publisher=ibidem Press |isbn=978-3-83821-529-7 |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/russian-active-measures/9783838215297 |access-date=5 April 2021 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129174957/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/russian-active-measures/9783838215297 |url-status=live }}</ref>