Editing Addax (section)

{{short description|Species of antelope native to the Sahara}}
{{For|the GP2 Series racing team|Addax Team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Good article}}
{{speciesbox
| italic_title = no
| name = Addax
| image = A big male Addax showing as the power of his horns.jpg
| image_caption = An addax in [[Morocco]]
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |title=''Addax nasomaculatus'' |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |year=2016 |page=e.T512A50180603 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T512A50180603.en |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref>
 | status2 = CITES_A1 
 | status2_system = CITES 
 | status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Addax
| parent_authority = [[Charles Léopold Laurillard|Laurillard]], 1841
| species = nasomaculatus
| authority = ([[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]], 1816)<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 | id = 14200937 | page = 717}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref=
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=<small>List</small><ref name=MSW3/><ref name=Krausman2007/>
|''Addax addax'' <small>[[Cretzschmar]], 1826</small>
|''Addax gibbosa'' <small>[[Gaetano Savi|Savi]], 1828</small>
|''Addax mytilopes'' <small>Hamilton-Smith, 1827</small>
|''Addax suturosa'' <small>Otto, 1825</small> 
|''Cerophorus nasomaculata'' <small>Blainville, 1816</small>
|''Antilope addax'' <small>Cretzschmar, 1826</small>
|''Antilope suturosa'' <small>Otto, 1825</small> 
|''Antilope mytilopes'' <small>Hamilton-Smith, 1827</small>
|''Oryx addax'' <small>Hamilton-Smith, 1827</small>
|''Oryx nasomaculatus'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|J.E. Gray]], 1843</small>}}
| range_map = Addax nasomaculatus distribution (IUCN 2015).png
| range_map_caption = Distribution of addax (IUCN 2015){{legend|LightGreen|Extant (resident)}}
{{legend|Red|Reintroduced}}
| range_map_alt = Map of Africa, showing a highlighted range (in green) covering three small areas in Mauritania, Niger and Chad
}}
[[File:Addax - IZE-106w.jpg|thumb|Addax in [[Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve]].]]

The '''addax''' ('''''Addax nasomaculatus'''''), also known as the '''white antelope''' and the '''screwhorn antelope''', is an [[antelope]] native to the [[Sahara]] Desert. The [[monotypic taxon|only member]] of the [[genus]] '''''Addax''''', it was first described scientifically by [[Henri de Blainville]] in 1816. As suggested by its alternative name, the pale antelope has long, spiral horns – typically {{cvt|55|to|80|cm}} in females and {{cvt|70|to|85|cm}} in males. Males stand from {{cvt|105|to|115|cm}} at the shoulder, with females at {{cvt|95|to|110|cm}}. They are [[sexually dimorphic]], as the females are smaller than the males. The colour of the coat depends on the season – in the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde.

The addax mainly eats grasses and leaves of any available shrubs, leguminous herbs and bushes. They are well-adapted to exist in their desert habitat, as they can live without water for long periods of time. Addax form herds of five to 20 members, consisting of both males and females. The herd is usually led by one dominant male.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Addax |url=https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/addax |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute |language=en}}</ref> Due to its slow movements, the addax is an easy target for its predators: [[human]]s, [[lion]]s, [[leopard]]s, [[cheetah]]s and [[African wild dog]]s. Breeding season is at its peak during winter and early spring. The natural habitat of the addax are arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts.

The addax is a [[critically endangered]] species of antelope, as classified by the [[IUCN]]. Although extremely rare in its native habitat due to unregulated hunting, it is quite common in captivity. The addax was once abundant in [[North Africa]]; however it is currently only native to Chad, Mauritania, and Niger. It is extirpated from Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and [[Western Sahara]], but has been reintroduced into Morocco and Tunisia.