Editing Adelaide (section)

{{Short description|Capital city of South Australia, Australia}}
{{About|the Australian metropolis|the local government area|City of Adelaide|other uses|Adelaide (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type         = city
| name         = Adelaide
| state        = sa
| image              = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/3/2/1
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Adelaide skyline, December 2022 b.jpg
  | alt1                   = Adelaide city centre
  | caption1               = [[River Torrens]] and [[Adelaide city centre|central business district]]
  | image2                 = Adelaide, Australia (February 2017) (33505366456) (cropped).jpg
  | alt2                   = Adelaide Town Hall
  | caption2               = [[Adelaide Town Hall]]
  | image3                 = St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide, Southeast view 20230214 1.jpg
  | alt3                   = St Peter's Cathedral
  | caption3               = [[St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide|St Peter's Cathedral]]
  | image4                 = Adelaide General Post Office (cropped).jpg
  | alt4                   = General Post Office
  | caption4               = [[General Post Office, Adelaide|General Post Office]]
  | image5                 = SAHMRI.jpg
  | alt5                   = SAHMRI
  | caption5               = [[South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute|SAHMRI]] 
  | image6                 = Brookman Building on North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia (cropped).jpg
  | alt6                   = Brookman Building
  | caption6               = [[University of South Australia]]
  | image7                 = Victoria Square, central Adelaide.jpg
  | alt7                   = Victoria Square
  | caption7          =  [[Victoria Square, Adelaide|Victoria Square]] 
  }}
| pop          = 1,469,163
| pop_year     = 2024
| pop_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Adelaide |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2023-24#capital-cities |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-date=2025-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327052657/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2023-24 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| poprank      = 5th
| density      = 426
| density_footnotes = 
| area         =  3259.8
| area_footnotes =<ref name="ABS-GA">{{cite web|title=Greater Adelaide (GCCSA) (4GADE)|url=https://itt.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=4GADE&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&geoconcept=ASGS_2016&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2018&regionLGA=LGA_2018&regionASGS=ASGS_2016|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406204831/https://itt.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=4GADE&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&geoconcept=ASGS_2016&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2018&regionLGA=LGA_2018&regionASGS=ASGS_2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| mayor        = 
| mayortitle   = 
| established  = {{start date|1836|12|28|df=yes}}
| force_national_map = yes
| image2             = Free vector map of Adelaide Australia Level 12 G View.svg
| image2_alt         = Adelaide metropolitan area
| caption2           = Adelaide metropolitan area
| coordinates  = {{coord|34|55|39|S|138|36|00|E|type:city(1,400,000_region:AU-SA|display=inline,title}}
| relief       = yes
| timezone     = [[Australian Central Standard Time|ACST]]
| utc          = +9:30
| timezone-dst = [[Australian Central Daylight Time|ACDT]]
| utc-dst      = +10:30
| dist1        = 654
| dir1         = NW
| location1    = [[Melbourne]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=VIC&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and MELBOURNE |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=VIC&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| dist2        = 958
| dir2         = West
| location2    = [[Canberra]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=ACT&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and CANBERRA |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=ACT&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| dist3        = 1161
| dir3         = West
| location3    = [[Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=NSW&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and SYDNEY |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=NSW&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| dist4        = 1600
| dir4         = SW
| location4    = [[Brisbane]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=126867&placename=brisbane&placetype=0&state=QLD&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and Brisbane |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=126867&placename=brisbane&placetype=0&state=QLD&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| dist5        = 2130
| dir5         = East
| location5    = [[Perth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=WA+&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and Perth |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=WA+&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| lga          = [[Local government areas of South Australia#Metropolitan Adelaide|19 municipalities across Metropolitan Adelaide]]
| stategov     = [[Electoral districts of South Australia|Various]] (34)
| fedgov       = [[Division of Spence|Spence]], [[Division of Makin|Makin]], [[Division of Hindmarsh|Hindmarsh]], [[Division of Adelaide|Adelaide]], [[Division of Sturt|Sturt]], [[Division of Boothby|Boothby]], [[Division of Kingston|Kingston]]
| maxtemp      = 22.6
| mintemp      = 12.4
| rainfall     = 536.5
}}

'''Adelaide''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|d|ᵻ|l|eɪ|d}} {{respell|AD|il|ayd}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Macquarie ABC Dictionary |publisher=The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd |year=2003 |page=10 |isbn=1-876429-37-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA|en-AU|ˈædəlæɪd|label=[[South Australian English|locally]]||audio=En-au-Adelaide.oga}}; {{langx|zku|Tarndanya}} {{IPA|zku|ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲa|}}) is the [[list of Australian capital cities|capital]] and most populous city of [[South Australia]], as well as the [[list of cities in Australia by population|fifth-most populous city in Australia]]. The name "Adelaide" may refer to either '''Greater Adelaide''' (including the [[Adelaide Hills]]) or the [[Adelaide city centre]]; the [[demonym]] ''Adelaidean'' is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide. The [[Native title in Australia#Traditional owner|traditional owners]] of the Adelaide region are the [[Kaurna]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200428025119/http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/Determination_details.aspx?NNTT_Fileno=SCD2018%2F001 SCD2018/001 – Kaurna Peoples Native Title Claim] [[National Native Title Tribunal]]. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/about-adelaide/kaurna-heritage/ Kaurna Heritage] [[City of Adelaide]]. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.experienceadelaide.com.au/visit/things-to-do/aboriginal-culture/|title=Aboriginal Culture|website=Experience Adelaide|access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> with the name {{lang|zku|Tarndanya|italic=yes}} referring to the area of the city centre and surrounding [[Adelaide Park Lands|Park Lands]], in the [[Kaurna language]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaurna Place Names |url=http://kaurnaplacenames.com/primary.php?id=4625 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=kaurnaplacenames.com}}</ref> Adelaide is situated on the [[Adelaide Plains]] north of the [[Fleurieu Peninsula]], between the [[Gulf St Vincent]] in the west and the [[Mount Lofty Ranges]] in the east. Its metropolitan area extends {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the coast to the [[Adelaide Hills|foothills]] of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Gawler]] in the north to [[Sellicks Beach]] in the south.

Named in honour of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]], wife of [[William IV|King William IV]], the city was founded in 1836 as the [[new town|planned capital]] for the only freely settled British province in Australia, distinguishing it from Australia's [[penal colony|penal colonies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/how-well-do-you-really-know-our-queen-adelaide/news-story/b249bd054376d472496f232a7f3d75ed|title=How well do you know our Queen?|date=3 May 2013|website=The Advertiser|location=Adelaide|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807040642/https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/how-well-do-you-really-know-our-queen-adelaide/news-story/b249bd054376d472496f232a7f3d75ed|archive-date=7 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William Light|Colonel William Light]], one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city centre and chose its location close to the [[River Torrens]]. Light's design, now [[Australian National Heritage List|listed as national heritage]], set out the city centre in a [[grid plan|grid layout]] known as "[[Light's Vision]]", interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by park lands. Colonial Adelaide was noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms and became known as the "[[City of Churches]]" due to its diversity of faiths. It was Australia's third-most populous city until the [[postwar]] era.<ref>{{cite web |title=A History of Australian Capital City Centres Since 1945 |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/966b54c8-8d78-4fa5-8e95-7b3eb3c3554a/content#:~:text=Brisbane%20overtook%20Adelaide%20as%20the%20third%20largest%20city%20in%20the%20early%201940s. |website= openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au |date=October 1997 |access-date=31 May 2025 |publisher=[[Australian National University]] |url-status=live |archive-date=20 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520152648/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/966b54c8-8d78-4fa5-8e95-7b3eb3c3554a/content}}</ref> 

Today, Adelaide is one of Australia's most visited [[Tourism in Australia|travel destinations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tourism.sa.gov.au/news-articles/most-liveable-city-now-one-of-most-visited-cities|title=Most liveable city now one of most visited cities|date=11 March 2022 |website=Tourism SA|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://travel.nine.com.au/latest/surprising-aussie-city-named-our-favourite-domestic-destination/79dffe3c-736d-43e5-a63f-7dfce25c7e37|title=Australia's favourite domestic travel spot for 2023 named in new ranking
|date=11 March 2023 |website=Travel 9Now |last = Skelley |first = Jemima Travel 9Now |publisher=nine.com.au|access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> and hosts [[:Category:Events in Adelaide|many festivals and sporting events]], such as the [[Adelaide 500]], [[Tour Down Under]], [[LIV Golf Adelaide]], and the [[Adelaide Fringe]], the world's second largest annual arts festival,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://adelaidefringe.com.au/fringefeed/news/adelaide-fringe-announces-2022-impact-results|title=Adelaide Fringe Announces 2022 Impact Results|date=24 June 2022 |website=Adelaide Fringe|publisher=Solstice Media |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref> contributing to its rising tourism sector. The city has also been renowned for its [[Automotive industry in Australia#Holden|automotive industry]], having been the original host of the [[Australian Grand Prix]] in the [[Formula One|FIA Formula One World Championship]] from 1985 to 1995. Other features include its [[South Australian wine|food and wine]] industries, its coastline and hills, its large defence and manufacturing operations, and its emerging space sector, including the [[Australian Space Agency]] being headquartered there. Adelaide routinely ranks among the world's [[most liveable cities]], being named in 2021 the most liveable city in the country and third in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indaily.com.au/news/2021/06/09/adelaide-ranked-australias-most-liveable-city/ |title=Adelaide named Australia's most liveable city, third in the world |last=Kelsall |first=Thomas |date=9 June 2021 |website=InDaily |publisher=Solstice Media |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> Its aesthetic appeal has also been recognised by ''[[Architectural Digest]]'', which ranked Adelaide as the most beautiful city in the world in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/the-most-beautiful-cities-in-the-world|title=The Most Beautiful Cities in the World|date=22 July 2024|accessdate=31 July 2024|work=[[Architectural Digest]]}}</ref>

As South Australia's government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the [[Adelaide central business district|central business district]] along the cultural boulevards of [[North Terrace, Adelaide|North Terrace]] and [[King William Street, Adelaide|King William Street]]. Adelaide has also been classed as a [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Gamma +|Gamma&nbsp;+&nbsp;level]] [[global city]] as categorised by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]], with the city further linking economic regions to the worldwide economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=lboro.ac.uk |publisher=[[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Adelaide is connected by extensive [[Transport in Adelaide|bus, train and tram networks]], all of which are operated by [[Adelaide Metro]] with its main railway terminus at the [[Adelaide railway station]]. The city is also served by [[Adelaide Airport]], the nation's fifth largest airport, for air travel. Additionally, [[Port Adelaide]] serves as Adelaide's hub for sea travel, as well as its main [[seaport]].