Editing Adenosine diphosphate (section)

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477242390
| ImageFile = Adenosindiphosphat protoniert.svg
| ImageSize = 220px
| ImageName = Skeletal formula of ADP
| ImageFile1 = Adenosine-diphosphate-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize1 = 230px
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of ADP (shown here as a 3- ion)
| IUPACName = Adenosine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
| SystematicName = [(2''R'',3''S'',4''R'',5''R'')-5-(6-Amino-9''H''-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl trihydrogen diphosphate
| OtherNames = Adenosine 5′-diphosphate; Adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate; Adenosine pyrophosphate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5800
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 14830
| InChI = 1/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
| InChIKey = XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUBP
| SMILES1 = c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N
| CASNo=58-64-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 61D2G4IYVH
| PubChem= 6022
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1712
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 16761
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00008
| SMILES = O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O
| EINECS = 218-249-0
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB03431
| RTECS = AU7467000
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=10|H=15|N=5|O=10|P=2
| MolarMass=427.201 g/mol
| Density=2.49 g/mL
| MeltingPt=
| BoilingPtC=
| Solubility=
| LogP = −2.640
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=PL&language=EN-generic&productNumber=01905&brand=SIGMA&PageToGoToURL=http%3A//www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/01905%3Flang%3Dpl MSDS]
| MainHazards=
| FlashPt=
| AutoignitionPt =
| LD50 =
  }}
}}
'''Adenosine diphosphate''' ('''ADP'''), also known as '''adenosine pyrophosphate''' ('''APP'''), is an important [[organic compound]] in [[metabolism]] and is essential to the flow of energy in living [[cells (biology)|cells]]. ADP consists of three important structural components: a [[sugar]] backbone attached to [[adenine]] and two [[phosphate]] groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of [[ribose]]. The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon.<ref name=Lehninger>{{cite book |author=Cox, Michael |author2=Nelson, David R. |author3=Lehninger, Albert L |title=Lehninger principles of biochemistry |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7167-7108-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lehningerprincip00lehn_1 }}</ref>

ADP can be interconverted to [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP) and [[adenosine monophosphate]] (AMP). ATP contains one more phosphate group than ADP, while AMP contains one fewer phosphate group. Energy transfer used by all living things is a result of [[dephosphorylation]] of ATP by enzymes known as [[ATPase]]s. The cleavage of a phosphate group from ATP results in the coupling of energy to metabolic reactions and a by-product of ADP.<ref name=Lehninger/> ATP is continually reformed from lower-energy species ADP and AMP. The biosynthesis of ATP is achieved throughout processes such as [[substrate-level phosphorylation]], [[oxidative phosphorylation]], and [[photophosphorylation]], all of which facilitate the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.