Editing Adessive case (section)

{{short description|Grammatical case}}
An '''adessive case''' ([[list of glossing abbreviations|abbreviated]] {{sc|'''ade'''}}; from Latin ''[[wikt:adesse|adesse]]'' "to be present (at)": ''ad'' "at" + ''esse'' "to be") is a [[grammatical case]] generally denoting location at, upon, or adjacent to the [[referent]] of the noun; the term is used most frequently for [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] studies. For Uralic languages, such as [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]] and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], it is the fourth of the locative [[declension|cases]], with the basic meaning of "on"—for example, Estonian ''{{lang|et|laud}}'' (table) and ''{{lang|et|laual}}'' (on the table), Hungarian ''{{lang|hu|asztal}}'' and ''{{lang|hu|asztalnál}}'' (at the table).<ref>However, unlike its Finnic relatives, the adessive in Hungarian does not specifically have the meaning "on (top of)".</ref> It is also used as an [[instrumental case]] in Finnish.

For [[Finnish language|Finnish]], the suffix is ''{{lang|fi|-lla}}/{{lang|fi|-llä}}'', e.g. ''{{lang|fi|pöytä}}'' (table) and ''{{lang|fi|pöydällä}}'' (on the table). In addition, it can specify "being around the place", as in ''{{lang|fi|koululla}}'' (at the school including the schoolyard), as contrasted with the inessive ''{{lang|fi|koulussa}}'' (in the school, inside the building).

In Estonian, the ending ''-l'' is added to the [[genitive case]], e.g. ''{{lang|et|laud}}'' (table) - ''{{lang|et|laual}}'' (on the table). Besides the meaning "on", this case is also used to indicate ownership. For example, "mehel on auto" means "the man owns a car".

As the Uralic languages don't possess the verb "to have", the concept is expressed as a subject in the adessive case + ''on'' (for example, ''{{lang|fi|minulla on}}'', "I have", literally "at me is").

{{Wiktionary|adessive case}}
The other locative cases in Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian are:
*[[Inessive case]] ("in")
*[[Elative case]] ("out of")
*[[Illative case]] ("into")
*[[Allative case]] ("onto")
*[[Ablative case]] ("off")
*[[Superessive case]] ("on top of, or on the surface of")