Editing Affective computing (section)

{{update|date=January 2023}}
{{short description|Area of research in computer science aiming to understand the emotional state of users}}
[[File:Sophia at the AI for Good Global Summit 2018 (27254369347) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Electronic devices such as robots are increasingly able to mimic human emotion]] 
'''Affective computing''' is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human [[Affect (psychology)|affects]]. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning [[computer science]], [[psychology]], and [[cognitive science]].<ref name=TaoTan>{{cite conference |first=Jianhua |last=Tao |author2=Tieniu Tan |title=Affective Computing: A Review |book-title=Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction |volume=[[LNCS]] 3784 |pages=981–995 |publisher=Springer |year=2005 |doi=10.1007/11573548 }}</ref> While some core ideas in the field may be traced as far back as to early philosophical inquiries into [[Emotion#James–Lange theory|emotion]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=James |first=William |year=1884 |title=What Is Emotion |journal=Mind |volume=9 |issue=34 |pages=188–205 |doi=10.1093/mind/os-IX.34.188|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431811 }} Cited by Tao and Tan.</ref> the more modern branch of computer science originated with [[Rosalind Picard]]'s 1995 paper entitled "Affective Computing"<ref>[https://vismod.media.mit.edu/pub/tech-reports/TR-321.pdf "Affective Computing"] MIT Technical Report #321 ([http://vismod.media.mit.edu/pub/tech-reports/TR-321-ABSTRACT.html Abstract]), 1995</ref> and her 1997 book of the same name<ref name="Affective Computing">{{cite book|last1=Picard|first1=Rosalind|title=Affective Computing|date=1997|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, MA|page=1}}</ref> published by [[MIT Press]].<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de//~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf 
 |title=Recognition and Simulation of Emotions 
 |access-date=May 13, 2008 
 |last=Kleine-Cosack 
 |first=Christian 
 |date=October 2006 
 |quote=The introduction of emotion to computer science was done by Pickard (sic) who created the field of affective computing. 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528135730/http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de/~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf 
 |archive-date=May 28, 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite magazine
|url= https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html
|title= The Love Machine; Building computers that care
|magazine= Wired
|access-date= May 13, 2008
|last= Diamond
|first= David
|date=December 2003
|quote= Rosalind Picard, a genial MIT professor, is the field's godmother; her 1997 book, ''Affective Computing'', triggered an explosion of interest in the emotional side of computers and their users.
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080518185630/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html| archive-date= 18 May 2008 | url-status= live}}
</ref> One of the motivations for the research is the ability to give machines [[emotional intelligence]], including to [[artificial empathy|simulate empathy]]. The machine should interpret the emotional state of humans and adapt its behavior to them, giving an appropriate response to those emotions.