Editing Al-Ma'mun (section)

{{Short description|Abbasid Caliph from 813 to 833}}
{{About|an Abbasid caliph}}
{{Lowercase title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| type         = caliph
| name         = al-Ma'mun<br />المأمون
| title        = {{noitalic|{{ubl|[[List of caliphs|Caliph]]|[[Commander of the Faithful]]}}}}
| image        = Coin of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun.jpg
| image_size   = 300px
| caption      = [[Gold dinar]] of al-Ma'mun, minted in Egypt in 830/1
| succession   = 7th [[Caliph]] of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
| reign        = 27 September 813 – 7 August 833
| coronation   = 
| predecessor1 = [[al-Amin]]
| successor1   = [[al-Mu'tasim]]
| spouse       = {{Collapsible list|
* [[Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi]]
* [[Buran bint al-Hasan ibn Sahl]]
* Sundus
* [[Arib al-Ma'muniyya|Arib]]
* Bi'dah
* Mu'nisah
* Tatrif
* Badhal
* Nu'n
* Nasim|}}
| spouse-type  = Consorts
| issue        = {{plainlist|
* Muhammad
* Ubaid Allah
* [[al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun|al-Abbas]]
* Harun
* Ahmad
* Isa
* Isma'il
* Musa
* Umm al-Fadl
* Umm Habib
* Khadija
}}
| full name    = Abū al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh al-Maʾmūn ibn [[Harun al-Rashid|Hārūn]]
| house        = [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Harun al-Rashid]]
| mother       = [[Marajil|Umm Abdallah Marajil]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|786|9|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Baghdad]], Abbasid Caliphate
| death_date   = {{death date and age|833|8|7|786|9|14|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], Abbasid Caliphate
| place of burial = [[Grand Mosque of Tarsus]]
| religion     = [[Mu'tazila|Mu'tazili]] [[Islam]]
}}
'''Abū al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn Hārūn al-Maʾmūn''' ({{langx|ar|أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد|Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn ar-Rashīd}}; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his [[regnal name]] '''al-Ma'mun''' ({{langx|ar|المأمون|al-Ma'mūn}}), was the seventh [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]], who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. His leadership was marked by the power and prosperity of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], al-Ma'mun promoted the [[Graeco-Arabic translation movement]], the [[House of Wisdom|flowering of learning and the sciences]] in Baghdad, and the publishing of [[al-Khwarizmi]]'s [[The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing|book now known as "Algebra"]]. Making him one of the most important caliphs in the [[Islamic Golden Age]]. He is also known as a proponent of the rational Islamic theology of [[Mu'tazilism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Ṭabarī |first=Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4J3PJZDYBMoC |title=The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 32: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn A.D. 813-833/A.H. 198-218 |date=1987-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-058-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooperson |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1VtAAAAMAAJ |title=Al-Ma'mun |date= 5 September 2005|publisher=Oneworld Publications |isbn=978-1-85168-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Al-Ma'mun succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a [[Fourth Fitna|civil war]], much of his reign was spent on peace campaigns. His strong support for Mu'tazilism led him to imprison a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] Imam, [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] in an event that became known as ''[[mihna]].'' Al-Ma'mun's foreign policy was due to his decision to continue war and diplomatic relations with the [[Byzantine Empire]], the tension between conflict or diplomacy varying during his military campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nawas |first=John Abdallah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o8McjgEACAAJ |title=Al-Maʼmūn, the Inquisition, and the Quest for Caliphal Authority |date=2015 |publisher=Lockwood Press |isbn=978-1-937040-55-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |title=Confronting Islam: Emperors Versus Caliphs (641–c.850) |date=2019 |work=The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500–1492 |pages=365–394 |editor-last=Shepard |editor-first=Jonathan |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-the-byzantine-empire-c5001492/confronting-islam-emperors-versus-caliphs-641c850/F85B2B597BC19414790CD15545D9844C |access-date=2025-04-10 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-68587-1}}</ref>