Editing Alba Iulia (section)

{{short description|City and county capital in Alba County, Romania}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| image_map          = Alba Iulia jud Alba.svg
| map_caption        = Location in Alba County
| official_name      = Alba Iulia
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                  = infobox
| total_width             = 300
| image_style             = infobox
| perrow                  = 1/2/2
| caption_align           = center
| image1                  = IntrareCetate.jpg
| caption1                = [[Alba Carolina Citadel]]
| image2                  = Castrum_Apulum_2011_-_Porta_Principalis_Dextra-8.jpg
| caption2                = Porta Principalis Dextra
| image3                  = Cetatea_Alba_Carolina_Ansamblul_fortificației_„Cetatea_Alba_Iulia_16.jpg
| caption3                = Defense wall of the citadel
| image4                  = Alba_Iulia_-_Muzeul_Unirii.jpg
| caption4                = The Union Museum
| image5                  = Alba Iulia - Catedrala Sf.Mihail Aprilie 2013.JPG
| caption5                = Saint Michael Catholic Cathedral
}}
| image_alt          = 
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| image_caption      = 
| imagesize          = 280px
| image_shield       = ROU AB Alba Iulia CoA.svg
| image_flag         = Flag_of_Alba_Iulia,_Romania.png
| flag_link          = 
| image_blank_emblem = Alba_Iulia.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Brandmark]]
| settlement_type    = [[Municipiu|Municipality]]
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{ROU}}
| subdivision_type2  = County
| subdivision_name2  = [[Alba County|Alba]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Gabriel Pleșa<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=6 June 2021 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009164915/https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2020&ndash;2024)
| leader_party       = [[USR PLUS]]
| population_total   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2     = 103.65
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates        = {{coord|46|4|1|N|23|34|12|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map        = Romania
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Romania
| timezone           = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| website            = {{URL|https://www.apulum.ro/}}
}}

'''Alba Iulia''' ({{IPA|ro|ˌalba ˈjuli.a|-|Ro-Alba Iulia.ogg}}; {{langx|de|Karlsburg}} or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; {{langx|hu|Gyulafehérvár}} {{IPA|hu|ˈɟulɒfɛɦeːrvaːr|}}; {{langx|la|[[Apulum (castra)|Apulum]]}}<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'' |[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12444/Alba-Iulia "Alba-Iulia"]</ref>) is a city that serves as the seat of [[Alba County]] in the west-central part of [[Romania]]. Located on the river [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in the historical region of [[Transylvania]], it has a population of 64,227 ({{As of|2021|alt={{As of|2021|lc=y}}}}).<ref name=INSSE>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-demografice/ |title=Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 021|publisher=Alba County Regional Statistics Directorate |date=2021-12-02 |access-date=2023-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418082153/http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 }}</ref>

During ancient times, the site was the location of the Roman camp [[Apulum (castra)|Apulum]]. Since the [[High Middle Ages]], the city has been the seat of Transylvania's [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia|Roman Catholic diocese]]. Between 1526 and 1570 it was the capital of the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]] from which the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] emerged by the [[Treaty of Speyer (1570)|Treaty of Speyer]] in 1570 and it was the capital of the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] until 1711. At one point it also was a center of the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania with [[Suffragan diocese|suffragan]] to [[Vad, Cluj|Vad]] diocese.<ref name=lb181216>Maksym Mayorov. ''[http://likbez.org.ua/ua/ukrayinska-kiyivska-mitropoliya-ta-inshi-pravoslavni-tserkvi-pered-1686-r-karti.html Metropolitan of Kiev and other Eastern Orthodox Churches before 1686 (Київська митрополія та інші православні церкви перед 1686 роком )]. Likbez. 16 December 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.transylvaniabeyond.com/the-metropolitan-cathedral-of-cluj/ The Metropolitan Cathedral of Cluj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419122622/http://www.transylvaniabeyond.com/the-metropolitan-cathedral-of-cluj/ |date=19 April 2019 }}. Transylvania and Beyond.</ref> On 1 December 1918, the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]] was declared in Alba Iulia, and Romania's [[Ferdinand I of Romania|King Ferdinand I]] and, in 1922 [[Marie of Romania|Queen Marie]] were crowned in the [[Coronation Cathedral, Alba Iulia|Alba Iulia Orthodox Cathedral]].<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Alba-Iulia |title=Alba Iulia |website=britannica.com |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>

Alba Iulia is historically important for [[Romanians]], [[Hungarians]], and [[Transylvanian Saxons]]. In December 1918, Alba Iulia was officially declared ''Capital of the [[Great Union|Great Union of Romania]]''.<ref>[https://www.mediafax.ro/politic/lege-promulgata-iasi-desemnat-capitala-istorica-iar-alba-iulia-capitala-a-marii-uniri-17797862 Iaşi desemnat "Capitală istorică", iar Alba Iulia "Capitală a Marii Uniri"]</ref>

The city administers four villages: Bărăbanț (''Borbánd''), Micești (''Ompolykisfalud''), Oarda (''Alsóváradja''), and Pâclișa (''Poklos'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://projects2014-2020.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_tevprojects/library/file_1657182517.pdf |title=State Of Play Report Alba Iulila Municipality}}</ref>