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Alice Hamilton
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{{Short description|American physician and toxicologist (1869β1970)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Alice Hamilton | image = Alice Hamilton.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1869|02|27}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|09|22|1869|02|27}} | death_place = [[Hadlyme North Historic District|Hadlyme, Connecticut]], U.S. | fields = [[Occupational health]], industrial [[toxicology]] | workplaces = [[Hull House]]<br>Woman's Medical School of [[Northwestern University]]<br>Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases<br>[[Harvard Medical School]] | alma_mater = [[Miss Porter's School]] (1888)<ref name=Letters15>{{cite book |first=Barbara |last=Sicherman |title=Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters |year=1984 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=0-674-01553-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alicehamiltonlif00sich/page/15 15] |url=https://archive.org/details/alicehamiltonlif00sich/page/15 }}</ref><br>[[University of Michigan]] (1893)<br>[[University of Leipzig]],<br>[[University of Munich]], and University of Frankfurt (1895)<br>[[Johns Hopkins University]] (1897)<br>[[University of Chicago]] (1899β1901)<ref name="McKeen134">{{cite book | editor-first=James McKeen|editor-last= Cattell| title =American Men of Science: A Biographical Dictionary | publisher =The Science Press | year =1906 | location =New York | page=134 | url =https://archive.org/stream/americanmenofsci01catt#page/134/mode/1up }}</ref> | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = [[Cara Lener]] | academic_advisors = [[Simon Flexner]] | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[Albert Lasker Public Service Award]] (1947) | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = }} '''Alice Hamilton''' (February 27, 1869<ref name=ADNB>{{cite book | url=http://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1200366 | isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 | doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1200366 | year=2000 | last1=Corn | first1=Jacqueline Karnell | title=Hamilton, Alice (1869-1970), physician }}</ref> β September 22, 1970) was an American physician, research scientist, and author. She was a leading expert in the field of [[occupational health]], laid the foundation for health and safety protections, and a pioneer in the field of [[Occupational toxicology|industrial toxicology]]. She led efforts to reduce lead poisoning. Hamilton trained at the [[Michigan Medicine|University of Michigan Medical School]]. Her residency at [[Hull House]] in [[Chicago]] from 1897 to 1919 put her in contact with an extensive demographic of working-class households, and the work-life dangers they faced. She also became a professor of pathology at the [[Feinberg School of Medicine|Woman's Medical School]] of [[Northwestern University]] in 1897. In 1919, she became the first woman appointed to the faculty of [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Hamilton |url=https://sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/alice-hamilton/ |access-date=November 6, 2023 |website=Science History Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Her scientific research focused on the study of occupational illnesses and the dangerous effects of industrial metals and [[chemical compound]]s. In addition to her scientific work, Hamilton was a social-welfare reformer, humanitarian, and peace activist. She received numerous honors and awards, including the [[Albert Lasker Public Service Award]]. Her work led to improvements in safety and regulation, and is sometimes credited with leading to the founding of the United States' [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]].
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