Editing Amygdala (section)

{{short description|Each of two small structures deep within the temporal lobe of complex vertebrates}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox brain
| Name            = Amygdala
| Latin           = corpus amygdaloideum
| Image           = amyg.png
| Caption         = Location of amygdalae in the human brain (view from below, anterior is at top)
| Width           =
| Image2          = Amigdale1.jpg
| Caption2        = Subdivisions of the amygdala
| Vein            =
}}
[[File:Constudoverbrain.png|right|thumb|300px|Human brain in the coronal orientation. Amygdalae are shown in dark red.]]

The '''amygdala''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|ɪ|ɡ|d|ə|l|ə}}; {{plural form}}: '''amygdalae''' {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|ɪ|ɡ||d|ə|l|i|,_|-|l|aɪ}} or '''amygdalas'''; also ''{{lang|la|corpus amygdaloideum}}''; [[Latin]] from [[Greek language|Greek]], {{lang|el|ἀμυγδάλη}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|amygdalē}}'', 'almond', 'tonsil'<ref name="dictionary.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=amygdala|title=Amygdala - Define Amygdala at Dictionary.com|access-date=9 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018165255/http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=amygdala|archive-date=18 October 2007}}</ref>) is a paired  [[nucleus (neuroanatomy)|nuclear]] complex present in the [[Cerebral hemisphere|cerebral hemispheres]] of [[vertebrate]]s. It is considered part of the [[limbic system]].<ref name="amyg-cytoarchitecture">{{cite journal | vauthors = Amunts K, Kedo O, Kindler M, Pieperhoff P, Mohlberg H, Shah NJ, Habel U, Schneider F, Zilles K | s2cid = 6984617 | title = Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human amygdala, hippocampal region and entorhinal cortex: intersubject variability and probability maps | journal = Anatomy and Embryology | volume = 210 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 343–52 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16208455 | doi = 10.1007/s00429-005-0025-5 }}</ref> In [[Primate|primates]], it is located [[lateral and medial|medially]] within the [[temporal lobe]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=University of Idaho College of Science|year=2004|title=amygdala|access-date=15 March 2007|url=http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/amygdala.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331204849/http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/amygdala.htm|archive-date=31 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> It consists of many nuclei, each made up of further subnuclei. The subdivision most commonly made is into the [[Basolateral amygdala|basolateral]], [[Central nucleus of the amygdala|central]], cortical, and medial nuclei together with the [[intercalated cells of the amygdala|intercalated cell clusters]].<ref name="Bzdok Laird Zilles Fox 2013 pp. 3247–3266">{{cite journal |last1=Bzdok |first1=Danilo |last2=Laird |first2=Angela R. |last3=Zilles |first3=Karl |last4=Fox |first4=Peter T. |last5=Eickhoff |first5=Simon B. |date=2013 |title=An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala |journal=Human Brain Mapping |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=3247–3266 |doi=10.1002/hbm.22138 |issn=1065-9471 |pmc=4801486 |pmid=22806915}}</ref> The amygdala has a primary role in the processing of [[memory]], [[decision making|decision-making]], and [[emotions|emotional responses]] (including fear, anxiety, and aggression). The amygdala was first identified and named by [[Karl Friedrich Burdach]] in 1822.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pabba M | title = Evolutionary development of the amygdaloid complex | journal = Frontiers in Neuroanatomy | volume = 7 | pages = 27 | date = 2013 | pmid = 24009561 | doi = 10.3389/fnana.2013.00027 | pmc = 3755265 | doi-access = free }}</ref>