Editing Anadenanthera (section)

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg
|taxon = Anadenanthera
|authority = [[Speg.]] Speg.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 2; see text
|synonyms = ''Niopa'' <small>([[Benth.]]) Britton & Rose</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296601-2 ''Anadenanthera'' Speg.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</ref>
}}

'''''Anadenanthera''''' is a genus of [[South America]]n trees in the [[Legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]]. The genus contains two species, ''[[Anadenanthera colubrina|A. colubrina]]'' and ''[[Anadenanthera peregrina|A. peregrina]]''. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the [[hallucinogenic snuff]]s [[Anadenanthera colubrina|vilca]]/cebil and [[yopo]]/cohoba.

The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is [[bufotenin]].<ref name="Ott2001a">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ott J | title = Pharmañopo-psychonautics: human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine | journal = J Psychoactive Drugs | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 273–281 | date = 2001 | pmid = 11718320 | doi = 10.1080/02791072.2001.10400574 | url = }}</ref><ref name="Ott2001b">{{cite book | vauthors = [[Jonathan Ott|Ott J]] | chapter=Shamanic-Snuff Psychonautica: Pharmañopo: Bufotenine—Psychonautics | pages=99–116 (105–112, 114–115) | title=Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines | publisher=Entheobotanica | year=2001 | isbn=978-1-888755-02-2 | oclc=56061312 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUP7NwAACAAJ | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/vdocuments.mx_unknown-55b347d139b58/page/n51/mode/1up | access-date=24 January 2025 }}</ref><ref name="WalkerPullellaPiggott2023">{{cite journal | last=Walker | first=Scott R. | last2=Pullella | first2=Glenn A. | last3=Piggott | first3=Matthew J. | last4=Duggan | first4=Peter J. | title=Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs | journal=Australian Journal of Chemistry | volume=76 | issue=5 | date=5 July 2023 | issn=0004-9425 | doi=10.1071/CH23050 | doi-access=free | pages=236–257 | url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/ch/pdf/CH23050 | access-date=15 April 2025 | quote=An alternative strategy discovered by early cultures is to administer the psychoactive substances in the form of snuffs, thus avoiding the ‘first-pass metabolism’ that occurs in the liver if taken orally. Although widespread across South America and the Caribbean, this practice is thought to originate from continental South America. Seeds of two Anadenanthera species, A. peregrina and A. colubrina, and the resin of a number of Virola species, were used for this purpose and have been shown to contain DMT (2), a range of DMT analogues and β-carbolines.[7] Bufotenin (11), in particular, is found in seeds of certain species of Anadenanthera and in the latex of a sub-species of the north-eastern South American tree Brosimum acutifolium used by indigenous shamans.[11] In addition to plant sources, bufotenin (11) is also found in the skin secretions and eggs of several toads, particularly the Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius). The evidence that bufotenin is actually psychoactive is weak, however, and these toad secretions contain several other tryptamines including more powerful psychedelics such as 5-MeO-DMT (12, Fig. 1).[12]}}</ref>