Editing Anger (section)

{{short description|Intense hostile emotional state of mind}}
{{redirect-several|Angry|Wrath|Anger}}
[[File:Angry-2766265 960 720.jpg|alt=Facial expression of a person having emotions of anger|thumb|[[Facial expression]] of a man having emotions of anger]]
{{emotions}}

'''Anger''', also known as '''wrath''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|r|ɒ|θ}} {{respell|ROTH}}; {{IPAc-en|US|r|æ|θ}} {{respell|RATH}}) or '''[[rage (emotion)|rage]]''', is an intense [[emotion]]al state involving a strong, uncomfortable and non-cooperative response to a perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.<ref>{{cite book |title=Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing |url=https://archive.org/details/psychiatricmenta0000vide_m6b0 |url-access=registration |edition=3rd |last=Videbeck |first=Sheila L. |publisher=[[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]] |year=2006|isbn=9780781760331 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alia-Klein |first1=Nelly |last2=Gan |first2=Gabriela |last3=Gilam |first3=Gadi |last4=Bezek |first4=Jessica |last5=Bruno |first5=Antonio |last6=Denson |first6=Thomas F. |last7=Hendler |first7=Talma |last8=Lowe |first8=Leroy |last9=Mariotti |first9=Veronica|last10=Muscatello |first10=Maria R. |last11=Palumbo |first11=Sara |last12=Pellegrini |first12=Silvia |last13=Pietrini |first13=Pietro |last14=Rizzo |first14=Amelia |last15=Verona |first15=Edelyn |title=The feeling of anger: From brain networks to linguistic expressions |journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews |date=January 2020 |volume=108 |pages=480–497 |doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.002|pmid=31809773 |doi-access=free |hdl=11568/1022610 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

A person experiencing anger will often experience physical effects, such as increased [[heart rate]], elevated [[blood pressure]], and increased levels of [[epinephrine|adrenaline]] and [[norepinephrine|noradrenaline]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Medicine.net |title=Anger definition |url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33843 |access-date=2008-04-05 }}</ref> Some view anger as an emotion that triggers part of the [[fight-or-flight response|fight or flight]] response.<ref>Harris, W., Schoenfeld, C.D., Gwynne, P.W., Weissler, A.M.,'' Circulatory and humoral responses to fear and anger'', The Physiologist, 1964, 7, 155.</ref> Anger becomes the predominant feeling [[behavior|behaviorally]], [[cognition|cognitively]], and [[physiology|physiologically]] when a person makes the [[conscious]] choice to take action to immediately stop the [[threat]]ening behavior of another outside force.<ref>Raymond DiGiuseppe, Raymond Chip Tafrate, ''Understanding Anger Disorders'', Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 133–159.</ref>

Anger can have many physical and mental consequences. The external expression of anger can be found in [[facial expression]]s, [[body language]], physiological responses, and at times public acts of [[aggression]]. Facial expressions can range from inward angling of the eyebrows to a full [[wiktionary:frown|frown]].<ref name="OxfDic">Michael Kent, ''Anger'', The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-262845-3}}</ref> While most of those who experience anger explain its arousal as a result of "what has happened to them", psychologists point out that an angry person can very well be mistaken because anger causes a loss in [[self-monitoring]] capacity and objective observability.<ref name="EncPsy">Raymond W. Novaco, ''Anger'', Encyclopedia of Psychology, [[Oxford University Press]], 2000</ref>

Modern psychologists view anger as a normal, natural, and mature emotion experienced by virtually all humans at times, and as something that has functional value for survival. Uncontrolled anger can negatively affect personal or social [[Quality of life|well-being]]<ref name="EncPsy" /><ref name="Ethics">John W. Fiero, ''Anger'', Ethics, Revised Edition, Vol 1</ref> and negatively impact those around them. While many philosophers and writers have warned against the spontaneous and uncontrolled fits of anger, there has been disagreement over the intrinsic value of anger.<ref name="AngerTheory" /> The issue of dealing with anger has been written about since the times of the earliest philosophers, but modern psychologists, in contrast to earlier writers, have also pointed out the possible harmful effects of suppressing anger.<ref name="AngerTheory" />

{{TOC limit|3}}