Editing Anglicisation (section)

{{Short description|Form of cultural assimilation}}
{{Distinguish|Anglicism}}
{{For|linguistic anglicisation|Anglicisation (linguistics)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}

'''Anglicisation''' or '''anglicization''' is a form of [[cultural assimilation]] whereby something non-English becomes assimilated into or influenced by the [[culture of England]]. It can be sociocultural, in which a non-English place adopts the [[English language]] or culture; institutional, in which institutions are influenced by those of [[England]] or the [[United Kingdom]]; or [[Anglicisation (linguistics)|linguistic]], in which a non-English term or name is altered due to the cultural influence of the English language.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Coupland |first1=Nikolas |last2=Thomas |first2=Alan Richard |chapter=2. The Anglicisation of Wales |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C&dq=Anglicisation&pg=PA19 |title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change |publisher=Multilingual Matters |date=1990 |isbn=978-1-85359-031-3 |oclc=44961554}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">Bridge, Carl, and Fedorowich, Kent. ''The British World: Diaspora, Culture, and Identity'', 2003, p. 89. "Beyond gaps in our information about who or what was affected by anglicisation is the matter of understanding the process more fully in terms of agency, periodisation, and extent and limitations."</ref> It can also refer to the influence of English [[soft power]], which includes media, cuisine, popular culture, technology, business practices, laws and political systems.<ref name="Breen, pp. 467-499">{{cite journal |last=Breen |first=T.H. |title=An Empire of Goods: The Anglicization of Colonial America, 1690–1776 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-british-studies/article/abs/an-empire-of-goods-the-anglicization-of-colonial-america-16901776/0F37F013A68599667122B478D0CF1147 |journal=Journal of British Studies |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=467–499 |date=October 1986 |access-date=13 July 2021 |s2cid=144798714 |doi=10.1086/385874|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Anglicisation first occurred in the [[British Isles]], when [[Celts]] under the sovereignty of the [[List of English monarchs|king of England]] underwent a process of anglicisation.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Davies |first=R.R. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/940657419 |title=First English Empire: Power and Identities in the British Isles 1093–1343 (Ford lectures; 1998) |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=The Anglicization of the British Isles |oclc=940657419}}</ref> The [[Celtic language decline in England]] was mostly complete by 1000 AD, but continued in [[Cornwall]] and other regions until the 18th century. In [[Scotland]], the decline of [[Scottish Gaelic]] began during the reign of [[Malcolm III of Scotland]] to the point where by the mid-14th century the [[Scots language]] was the dominant national language among the [[Scottish people]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Withers |first=Charles W.J. |title=Gaelic in Scotland, 1698-1981: the geographical history of a language |date=1984 |publisher=J. Donald |isbn=0-85976-097-9 |location=Edinburgh |oclc=12078924}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Embleton |first1=Sheila M. |last2=Withers |first2=Charles W.J. |date=September 1985 |title=Gaelic in Scotland 1698-1981: The Geographical History of a Language |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414416 |journal=Language |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=718 |doi=10.2307/414416 |jstor=414416 |issn=0097-8507|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{Rp|page=139}} In [[Wales]], however, the [[Welsh language]] has continued to be spoken by a large part of the country's population due to [[language revival]] measures aimed at countering historical anglicisation measures such as the [[Welsh not]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />