Editing Animal cognition (section)

{{Short description|Intelligence of non-human animals}}
{{For|the scientific journal|Animal Cognition{{!}}''Animal Cognition''}}
[[File:Macaca fascicularis aurea using a stone tool - journal.pone.0072872.g002f.png|thumb|A [[crab-eating macaque]] using a stone tool to crack open a nut]]
[[File:Bajan-Birds-Pull-Strings-Two-Wild-Antillean-Species-Enter-the-Select-Club-of-String-Pullers-pone.0156112.s005.ogv|thumb|Experiments like the string-pulling task performed here by a [[Carib grackle]] provide insights into animal cognition.]]

'''Animal cognition''' encompasses the [[cognition|mental]] capacities of [[non-human]] [[animal]]s, including [[insect cognition]]. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from [[comparative psychology]]. It has also been strongly influenced by research in [[ethology]], [[behavioral ecology]], and [[evolutionary psychology]];  the alternative name [[cognitive ethology]] is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term ''animal intelligence'' are also subsumed within animal cognition.<ref name="Shettleworth">{{cite book| vauthors = Shettleworth SJ |year=2010 |title=Cognition, Evolution and Behavior |edition=2ND |publisher=Oxford Press | location = New York}}</ref>

Researchers have examined animal [[cognition]] in [[mammals]] (especially [[Primate intelligence|primates]], [[Cetacean intelligence|cetaceans]], [[Elephant intelligence|elephants]], [[bear]]s, [[Dog intelligence|dogs]], [[Cat intelligence|cats]], [[Pig intelligence|pigs]], [[horse]]s,<ref>{{cite journal|author-link=Konstanze Krüger|vauthors=Krueger K, Heinze J|date=July 2008|title=Horse sense: social status of horses (Equus caballus) affects their likelihood of copying other horses' behavior|url=http://epub.uni-regensburg.de/19384/3/Krueger_Heinze_2007_Horse_sense.pdf|journal=Animal Cognition|volume=11|issue=3|pages=431–9|doi=10.1007/s10071-007-0133-0|pmid=18183432|s2cid=16621030}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author-link=Konstanze Krüger|vauthors=Krueger K, Farmer K, Heinze J|date=May 2014|title=The effects of age, rank and neophobia on social learning in horses|url=http://epub.uni-regensburg.de/29424/1/Krueger_2013.pdf|journal=Animal Cognition|volume=17|issue=3|pages=645–55|doi=10.1007/s10071-013-0696-x|pmid=24170136|s2cid=13326701}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author3-link=Konstanze Krüger|vauthors=Schuetz A, Farmer K, Krueger K|date=May 2017|title=Social learning across species: horses (Equus caballus) learn from humans by observation|url=https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/35564/1/Schuetz_KFarmer_Krueger_EPUB.pdf|journal=Animal Cognition|volume=20|issue=3|pages=567–573|doi=10.1007/s10071-016-1060-8|pmid=27866286|s2cid=3957230}}</ref> [[cattle]], [[raccoons]] and [[rodents]]), [[Bird intelligence|birds]] (including [[Parrots#Intelligence and learning|parrots]], [[fowl]], [[Corvidae#Intelligence|corvids]] and [[Pigeon intelligence|pigeons]]), [[reptiles]] ([[Monitor lizard#Intelligence|lizards]], [[snakes]], and [[turtle]]s),<ref>{{cite journal|date=2019-11-29|title=Reptiles known as 'living rocks' show surprising cognitive powers|journal=Nature|volume=576|issue=7785|pages=10|bibcode=2019Natur.576...10.|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03655-5|s2cid=208613023|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[fish]] and [[invertebrates]] (including [[Cephalopod intelligence|cephalopods]], [[Pain in invertebrates#Cognitive abilities|spiders]] and [[Pain in invertebrates#Cognitive abilities|insects]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=Cognition, Evolution and Behavior|vauthors=Shettleworth SJ|publisher=Oxford Press|year=2010|edition=2ND|location=New York}}</ref>