Editing Antisense RNA (section)

{{Short description|Single stranded RNA}}
[[File:Figure1_Definition_of_antisense_RNAs_(asRNAs)_.png|alt=This figure demonstrates an antisense RNA is complementary to its sense transcript.|thumb|AsRNA is transcribed from the lagging strand of a gene and is complementary to a specific mRNA or sense transcript.&nbsp;]]
'''Antisense RNA''' ('''asRNA'''), also referred to as antisense transcript,<ref name="Pelechano_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pelechano V, Steinmetz LM | title = Gene regulation by antisense transcription | journal = Nature Reviews. Genetics | volume = 14 | issue = 12 | pages = 880–893 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24217315 | doi = 10.1038/nrg3594 | s2cid = 2152962 }}</ref> [[natural antisense transcript]] (NAT)<ref name="Saberi_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saberi F, Kamali M, Najafi A, Yazdanparast A, Moghaddam MM | title = Natural antisense RNAs as mRNA regulatory elements in bacteria: a review on function and applications | journal = Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters | volume = 21 | pages = 6 | date = 2016-07-28 | pmid = 28536609 | pmc = 5415839 | doi = 10.1186/s11658-016-0007-z | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Magistri_2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magistri M, Faghihi MA, St Laurent G, Wahlestedt C | title = Regulation of chromatin structure by long noncoding RNAs: focus on natural antisense transcripts | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 28 | issue = 8 | pages = 389–396 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22541732 | pmc = 3768148 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2012.03.013 }}</ref><ref name="Wahlestedt_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wahlestedt C | title = Targeting long non-coding RNA to therapeutically upregulate gene expression | journal = Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 433–446 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23722346 | doi = 10.1038/nrd4018 | s2cid = 288163 }}</ref> or antisense [[oligonucleotide]],<ref name="Kole_2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kole R, Krainer AR, Altman S | title = RNA therapeutics: beyond RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides | journal = Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 125–140 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22262036 | pmc = 4743652 | doi = 10.1038/nrd3625 }}</ref> is a single stranded [[RNA]] that is complementary to a protein coding [[messenger RNA]] (mRNA) with which it hybridizes, and thereby blocks its [[Translation (biology)|translation]] into [[protein]]. The asRNAs (which occur naturally) have been found in both [[prokaryote]]s and [[eukaryote]]s,<ref name="Pelechano_2013" /> and can be classified into short (<200 nucleotides) and long (>200 nucleotides) [[non-coding RNA]]s (ncRNAs).<ref name="Wahlestedt_2013" /> The primary function of asRNA is regulating [[gene expression]]. asRNAs may also be produced synthetically and have found wide spread use as research tools for [[gene knockdown]]. They may also have therapeutic applications.<ref name="pmid10228554">{{cite journal | vauthors = Weiss B, Davidkova G, Zhou LW | title = Antisense RNA gene therapy for studying and modulating biological processes | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 55 | issue = 3 | pages = 334–358 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10228554 | doi = 10.1007/s000180050296 | s2cid = 9448271 | pmc = 11146801 }}</ref><ref name="Pelechano_2013" /><ref name="Wahlestedt_2013" />