Editing Apokatastasis (section)

{{short description|Restoration to the original or primordial condition}}
In theology, '''apokatastasis''' ({{langx|el|ἀποκατάστασις|apokatástasis}}, also spelled '''apocatastasis''') is the restoration of creation to a condition of perfection.<ref>John Bowker (ed.), "Apocatastasis", ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions'' (Oxford University Press, 2000).</ref><ref>[[Ilaria Ramelli|Ramelli]], ''The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis'', 1-24.</ref> In Christianity, the term refers to a form of [[Christian universalism]], often associated with [[Origen]], that includes the ultimate salvation of everyone, including the [[Damnation|damned]] and the [[Devil]].<ref>{{Citation | quote = Apocatastasis. The Greek name (ἀποκατάστασις) for the doctrine that ultimately all free moral creatures—angels, men, and devils—will share in the grace of salvation |author=Morwenna Ludlow | title = Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-19-280290-3 | contribution = Apocatastasis}}; cf. article "Universalism".</ref><ref name=ETT>{{Citation | quote = [T]heories of the apocatastasis usually involve the expectation that in the end all, including the devil, will be saved.| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DU6RNDrfd-0C&pg=PA12 | first = Justo L | last = González | title = Essential Theological Terms | publisher = Presbyterian | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-664-22810-1 | page = 12}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | quote= [Apocatastasis is] the idea that all things will be ultimately reconciled to God through Christ—including the damned in hell and even Satan and his demons. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=elzlVK5c3dQC&q=Daniel+L.+Akin,+ | first = Daniel L | last = Akin | title = A Theology for the Church | publisher = B&H | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8054-2640-3 | page = 878}}</ref> The [[New Testament]] ([[Acts 3]]:21), speaks of the "apokatastasis of all things".<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|3:21}}</ref> The dogmatic status of apokatastasis is disputed,<ref>See, for instance, Fr. A.F. Kimel, [https://afkimel.wordpress.com/2020/05/31/did-the-fifth-ecumenical-council-condemn-universal-salvation/ "Did the Fifth Ecumenical Council Condemn Universal Salvation?"]</ref> and some orthodox fathers such as [[Gregory of Nyssa]] taught apokatastasis and were never condemned.<ref>Ludlow, [https://academic.oup.com/book/25942 ''Universal Salvation: Eschatology in the Thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner'']</ref>

Apokatastasis was definitely condemned as a [[heresy]] by the [[Synod of Constantinople (543)|Synod of Constantinople of 543]].<ref>[[Latin language|Latin quote]]: "Si quis dicit aut sentit, ad tempus esse daemonum et impiorum hominum supplicium, eiusque finem aliquando futurum, sive restitutionem et redintegrationem esse (fore) daemonum aut impiorum hominum, an. s." As quoted in [[Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum|DS]] [http://catho.org/9.php?d=bxp#bfa 211, can. 9].See [https://patristica.net/denzinger/#n200 English translation]: "If anyone says or holds that the punishment of [[demon]]s or [[Impiety|impious]] men is temporary, and it will have an end at some time, that is to say, there will be a complete restoration of the demons or of impious men, let him be [[anathema]]."</ref>