Editing Apollo 14 (section)

{{Short description|Third crewed Moon landing}}
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{{featured article}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Apollo 14
| image                 = Apollo 14 Shepard.jpg
| image_size            = 250
| image_caption         = [[Alan Shepard]] and the American flag on the Moon, Apollo 14, February 1971 (photo by [[Edgar Mitchell]])
| insignia              = Apollo 14-insignia.png
| mission_type          = Crewed lunar landing ([[List of Apollo missions#Alphabetical mission types|H]])
| operator              = [[NASA]]<ref name="Orloff">{{cite book|last=Orloff |first=Richard W. |title=Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm |access-date=July 17, 2013 |series=NASA History Series |orig-year=First published 2000 |date=September 2004 |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-16-050631-X |lccn=00061677 |id=NASA SP-2000-4029 |chapter=Table of Contents |chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00g_Table_of_Contents.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906072530/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm |archive-date=September 6, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| COSPAR_ID             = {{Unbulleted list
  |CSM: 1971-008A{{sfn|Orloff & Harland 2006|p=396}}
  |LM: 1971-008C{{sfn|Orloff & Harland 2006|p=396}}
}}
| SATCAT                = {{Unbulleted list
  |CSM: 4900<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A|title=Apollo 14 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref>
  |LM: 4905<ref name=nssdc>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C|title=Apollo 14 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref>
}}
| mission_duration      = 9&nbsp;days, 1&nbsp;minute, 58&nbsp;seconds
| spacecraft            = {{Unbulleted list
  |[[Apollo CSM]]-110
  |[[Apollo Lunar Module|Apollo LM]]-8
}}
| manufacturer          = CSM: [[North American Rockwell]]<br />LM: [[Grumman]]
| launch_mass           = {{convert|102084|lb|kg}}
| landing_mass          = {{convert|11481|lb|kg}}

| launch_date           = {{start-date|January 31, 1971, 21:03:02|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket         = [[Saturn V]] SA-509
| launch_site           = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39]][[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|A]]

| landing_date          = {{end-date|February 9, 1971, 21:05:00|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| landing_site          = South Pacific Ocean<br />{{Coord|27|1|S|172|39|W|type:event|name=Apollo 14 splashdown}}
| recovery_by           = {{USS|New Orleans|LPH-11|6}}
| orbit_epoch           =
| orbit_reference       = [[Lunar orbit|Selenocentric]]
| orbit_periapsis       = {{convert|9.1|nmi|km|order=flip|sp=us}}
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|58.8|nmi|km|order=flip|sp=us}}
| orbit_inclination     =
| orbit_period          = 120&nbsp;minutes
| apsis                 = selene

|interplanetary         =
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = orbiter
   |object              = [[Moon|Lunar]]
   |component           = [[Apollo command and service module|Command and service module]]
   |orbits              = 34
   |arrival_date        = February 4, 1971, 06:59:42&nbsp;UTC
   |departure_date      = February 7, 1971, 01:39:04&nbsp;UTC
 }}
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = lander
   |object              = [[Moon|Lunar]]
   |component           = [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]]
   |arrival_date        = February 5, 1971, 09:18:11&nbsp;UTC
   |departure_date      = February 6, 1971, 18:48:42&nbsp;UTC
   |location            = [[Fra Mauro formation|Fra Mauro]]<br />{{Lunar coords and quad cat|3.64530|S|17.47136|W}}
   |sample_mass         = {{convert|94.35|lb|kg|order=flip}}
   |surface_EVAs        = 2
   |surface_EVA_time    = {{Unbulleted list
     |Total: 9&nbsp;hours, 22&nbsp;minutes, 31&nbsp;seconds
     |1st: 4&nbsp;hours, 47&nbsp;minutes, 50&nbsp;seconds
     |2nd: 4&nbsp;hours, 34&nbsp;minutes, 41&nbsp;seconds
    }}
  }}

| docking               =
 {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
   | docking_target     = LM
   | docking_type       = dock
   | docking_date       = February 1, 1971, 01:57:58&nbsp;UTC
   | undocking_date     = February 5, 1971, 04:50:43&nbsp;UTC
   | time_docked        =
 }}
 {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
   | docking_target     = LM ascent stage
   | docking_type       = dock
   | docking_date       = February 6, 1971, 20:35:52&nbsp;UTC
   | undocking_date     = February 6, 1971, 22:48:00&nbsp;UTC
   | time_docked        =
 }}

| crew_size             = 3
| crew_members          = {{Unbulleted list
  |[[Alan Shepard|Alan B. Shepard Jr.]]
  |[[Stuart Roosa|Stuart A. Roosa]]
  |[[Edgar Mitchell|Edgar D. Mitchell]]
}}
| crew_callsign         = {{Unbulleted list
  |CSM: ''Kitty Hawk''
  |LM: ''Antares''
}}
| crew_photo            = Apollo 14 crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption    = <!--Left to right:-->[[Stuart Roosa]], [[Alan Shepard]], [[Edgar Mitchell]]
| crew_photo_size       = 275px
| previous_mission      = [[Apollo 13]]
| next_mission          = [[Apollo 15]]
| programme             = [[Apollo program]]
}}

'''Apollo 14''' (January 31{{snd}}February 9, 1971) was the eighth crewed mission in the United States [[Apollo program]], the third to [[Moon landing|land on the Moon]], and the first to land in the [[Geology of the Moon#Highlands|lunar highlands]]. It was the last of the "[[List of Apollo missions#Alphabetical mission types|H missions]]", landings at specific sites of scientific interest on the Moon for two-day stays with two lunar [[extravehicular activities]] (EVAs or moonwalks).

The mission was originally scheduled for 1970, but was postponed because of the investigation following the failure of [[Apollo 13]] to reach the Moon's surface, and the need for modifications to the spacecraft as a result. Commander [[Alan Shepard]], [[Command Module Pilot]] [[Stuart Roosa]], and [[Lunar Module Pilot]] [[Edgar Mitchell]] launched on their nine-day mission on Sunday, January 31, 1971, at 4:03:02&nbsp;p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]. En route to the lunar landing, the crew overcame malfunctions that might have resulted in a second consecutive aborted mission, and possibly, the premature end of the Apollo program.

Shepard and Mitchell made their lunar landing on February&nbsp;5 in the [[Fra Mauro formation]]&nbsp;– originally the target of Apollo 13. During the two walks on the surface, they collected {{convert|94.35|lb}} of [[Moon rock]]s and deployed several [[Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package|scientific experiments]]. To the dismay of some geologists, Shepard and Mitchell did not reach the rim of [[Cone (crater)|Cone crater]] as had been planned, though they came close. In Apollo 14's most famous event, Shepard hit two [[golf ball]]s he had brought with him with a makeshift club.

While Shepard and Mitchell were on the surface, Roosa remained in [[lunar orbit]] aboard the [[Command and Service Module]], performing scientific experiments and photographing the Moon, including the landing site of the future [[Apollo 16]] mission. He took several hundred seeds on the mission, many of which were [[Germination|germinated]] on return, resulting in the so-called [[Moon tree]]s, that were widely distributed in the following years. After liftoff from the lunar surface and a successful docking, the spacecraft was flown back to Earth where the three astronauts splashed down safely in the [[Pacific Ocean]] on February 9.