Editing Arabization (section)

{{Short description|Process of growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
[[File:First Umayyad gold dinar, Caliph Abd al-Malik, 695 CE (cropped).jpg|thumb|262x262px|Caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan|Abd al-Malik]] ([[Reign|r.]] 685–705) established [[Classical Arabic|Arabic]] as the sole official language of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in 686 CE.]]
{{Arab culture}} 
'''Arabization''' or '''Arabicization''' ({{langx|ar|تعريب|translit=taʻrīb}}) is a [[sociology|sociological]] process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes [[Arabs|Arab]], meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the [[Arabic|Arabic language]], [[Arab culture|culture]], [[Arabic literature|literature]], [[Islamic art|art]], [[Arabic music|music]], and [[Arab identity|ethnic identity]] as well as other [[Sociocultural system|socio-cultural]] factors. It is a specific form of [[cultural assimilation]] that often includes a [[language shift]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A95863/datastream/OBJ/view/The_Crossroads_of_Identity__Linguistic_Shift_and_the_Politics_of_Identity_in_Southwest_Asia_and_North_Africa.pdf|title=The Crossroads of Identity: Linguistic Shift and the Politics of Identity in Southwest Asia and North Africa|date=December 2021|author=Marium Abboud Houraney}}</ref> The term applies not only to cultures, but also to individuals, as they acclimate to Arab culture and become "Arabized". Arabization took place after the [[Early Muslim conquests|Muslim conquest of the Middle East and North Africa]], as well as during the more recent [[Arab nationalism|Arab nationalist]] policies toward non-Arabic speaking minorities in modern [[Arab world|Arab states]], such as [[Algeria]],<ref name="dwight492">{{Cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Dwight F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifcGBwAAQBAJ |title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture |date=2 April 2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89807-2}}</ref> [[Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq|Iraq]],<ref name="books.google.com">''Iraq, Claims in Conflict: Reversing Ethnic Cleansing in Northern Iraq''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S36CEfg_hp4C&dq=forced+arabization+iraq&pg=PA7]</ref> [[Syria]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Alexander K. McKeever |date=2021 |title=Between Kurdistan and Damascus: Kurdish Nationalism and Arab State Formation in Syria |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5267&context=gc_etds}}</ref> [[Egypt]],<ref name="Mneimneh2">{{Cite web |author=Hassan Mneimneh |date=June 2017 |title=Arabs, Kurds, and Amazigh: The Quest for Nationalist Fulfillment, Old and New |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/arabs-kurds-and-amazigh-quest-nationalist-fulfillment-old-and-new}}</ref> [[Bahrain]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Banafsheh Keynoush |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BcLtCwAAQBAJ&dq=arabization+bahrain&pg=PA96 |title=Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends Or Foes? |date=2016 |isbn=9781137589392 |pages=96| publisher=Springer }}</ref> and [[Sudan]].<ref name="dwight492" />

After the [[Spread of Islam|rise of Islam]] in the [[Hejaz]] and subsequent [[Early Muslim conquests|Muslims conquests]], Arab culture and language spread outside the [[Arabian Peninsula]] through trade and intermarriages between members of the non-Arab local population and the peninsular Arabs. The Arabic language began to serve as a [[lingua franca]] in these areas and [[Varieties of Arabic|various dialects]] were formed. This process was accelerated by the migration of various [[Tribes of Arabia|Arab tribes]] outside of Arabia, such as the [[Arab migrations to the Maghreb]] and [[Arab migrations to the Levant|the Levant]].

The influence of Arabic has been profound in many other countries whose cultures have been influenced by Islam. Arabic was a [[Influence of Arabic on other languages|major source of vocabulary for various languages]]. This process reached its zenith between the 10th and 14th centuries, widely considered to be the high point of Arab culture, during the [[Islamic Golden Age]].