Editing Armenian language (section)

{{Short description|Indo-European language}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Armenian
| nativename       = {{lang|hy|հայերեն}}{{efn|name=classical}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|hy|hɑjɛˈɾɛn||Hɑjɛɾɛn.ogg}}
| states           = {{Plainlist|
* [[Armenia]]
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (including [[Abkhazia]]{{efn|name=Abkhazia| {{Abkhazia-note}}}})
* [[Iran]]
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]
* [[Turkey]]
}}
| speakers         = {{sigfig|5.28129|2}} million{{efn|{{sigfig|1.582290|2}} million for Western Armenian and {{sigfig|3.699000|2}} million for Eastern Armenian}}
| date             = 2013&ndash;2021
| ref              = e26
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| ancestor         = [[Proto-Indo-European]]
| ancestor2        = [[Proto-Armenian]]
| ancestor3        = [[Classical Armenian]]
| ancestor4        = [[Middle Armenian]]
| stand1           = [[Eastern Armenian]]
| stand2           = [[Western Armenian]]
| dia1             = [[Yerevan dialect|Yerevan]]
| dia2             = [[Homshetsi dialect|Homshetsi]]
| dia3             = [[Karabakh dialect|Karabakh]]
| dia4             = [[Karin dialect|Karin]]
| dia5             = [[Mush dialect|Mush]]
| dia6             = [[Kharberd–Yerznka dialect|Kharberd–Yerznka]]
| dia7             = [[Shabin-Karahisar dialect|Shabin–Karahisar]]
| dia8             = [[Kakavaberd dialect|Kakavaberd]]
| dia9             = [[Zok language|Zok]]
| dia10            = [[Akn dialect|Akn]]
| dia11            = [[Malatia dialect|Malatia]]
| dia12            = [[Nor-Nakhichevan dialect|Nor-Nakhichevan]]
| script           = {{plainlist|
* [[Armenian alphabet]]
* [[Armenian Braille]]
}}
| nation           = {{plainlist|
* {{flag|Armenia}}
* '''Organisations:'''
* {{flag|Eurasian Economic Union}}{{efn|Though Russian is the working language of the Union according to the Treaty on Eurasian Economic Union, Armenian and the languages of other member states are officially recognized.<ref>{{cite web |title=Treaty on Eurasian Economic Union |url=https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0027353/itia_05062014_doc.pdf |website=eaeunion.org |publisher=[[Eurasian Economic Union]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206124246/https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0027353/itia_05062014_doc.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2021 |quote=Article 110 Working Language of the Bodies of the Union. Language of International Treaties within the Union and Decisions of the Commission: 2. International treaties within the Union and decisions of the Commission that are binding on the Member States shall be adopted in Russian with subsequent translation into the official languages of the Member States, if it is provided for by their legislation, in the procedure determined by the Commission.}}</ref> The websites of the Eurasian Economic Union<ref>{{cite web |title=Եվրասիական տնտեսական միություն |url=http://www.eaeunion.org/?lang=am |website=eaeunion.org |publisher=Eurasian Economic Union |access-date=2 May 2021 |language=hy}}</ref> and the Eurasian Economic Commission<ref>{{cite web |title=Եվրասիական Տնտեսական Հանձնաժողով |url=http://www.eurasiancommission.org/hy/Pages/default.aspx |website=eurasiancommission.org |publisher=Eurasian Economic Commission |access-date=2 May 2021 |language=hy}}</ref> are available in Armenian, among other languages.}}
}}
| minority         = {{unbulleted list
| {{CYP}}<ref name=CYP1>{{cite web |title=Western Armenian – Cypriot Arabic: new century, new speakers? |url=https://ec.europa.eu/cyprus/event/20170221_en |website=ec.europa.eu |publisher=[[European Commission]] |date=21 February 2017 |quote=Dedicated to the two officially recognized minority languages of Cyprus, the event will focus on the teaching aspect of Western Armenian and Cypriot Arabic as mother tongues.}}</ref><ref name=CYP2>{{cite web |last1=Hadjilyra |first1=Alexander – Michael |title=The Armenians of Cyprus |url=https://publications.gov.cy/en/assets/user/publications/ARMENIANS/EN/Armenians_EN_2016.pdf |website=publications.gov.cy |publisher=Press and Information Office, Republic of Cyprus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214093009/https://publications.gov.cy/en/assets/user/publications/ARMENIANS/EN/Armenians_EN_2016.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2019 |page=15 |quote=According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council of Europe, Armenian was recognised as a minority language of Cyprus as of 1 December 2002.}}</ref>
| {{HUN}}<ref name=HUN>{{cite web |last1=Kenesei |first1=István |title=Minority languages in Hungary |url=http://www.efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/dublin-2009/09-Dublin-Kenesei-Mother.pdf |website=efnil.org |publisher=European Federation of National Institutions for Language |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214103329/http://www.efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/dublin-2009/09-Dublin-Kenesei-Mother.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2019 |date=2009 |quote=As far as indigenous (autochthonous) minority languages are concerned, Hungarian legislation acknowledges the languages in the following list&nbsp;...: Armenian, Boyash, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian, and Hungarian Sign Language (HSL).}}</ref>
| {{IRQ}}<ref name=IRQ>{{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution: Article 4|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|publisher=The Republic of Iraq Ministry of Interior General Directorate for Nationality|access-date=16 June 2014|quote=The right of Iraqis to educate their children in their mother tongue, such as Turkmen, Syriac, and Armenian shall be guaranteed in  government educational institutions in accordance with educational guidelines, or in any other language in private educational institutions.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>
| {{POL}}<ref name=POL1>{{cite web |last1=Zych |first1=Maciej |title=New Polish legislation regarding national, ethnic and linguistic minorities |url=http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/new_polish_legislation_regarding_national_ethnic_and_linguistic_minorities.pdf |website=gugik.gov.pl |publisher=Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography of Poland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214104740/http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/new_polish_legislation_regarding_national_ethnic_and_linguistic_minorities.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2019 |page=2 |quote=There are 9 national minorities: Belorussian, Czech, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, Ukrainian and Jewish; and 4 ethnic minorities – Karait, Lemko, Roma and Tartar.}}</ref><ref name=POL2>{{cite web |last1=Pisarek |first1=Walery |title=The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland |url=http://www.efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/dublin-2009/16-Dublin-Pisarek-Mother.pdf |website=efnil.org |publisher=European Federation of National Institutions for Language |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214104352/http://www.efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/dublin-2009/16-Dublin-Pisarek-Mother.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2019 |page=118 |date=2009 |quote=In a Statement made by the Republic of Poland with relation to the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Belarusian, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Karaim, Kashubian, Lithuanian, Lemkian, German, Armenian, Romani, Russian, Slovak, Tatar and Ukrainian were recognized as minority languages.}}</ref>
| {{ROU}}<ref name=ROU>{{cite web |last1=Saramandu |first1=Nicolae |author-link=Nicolae Saramandu |last2=Nevaci |first2=Manuela |title=MULTILINGVISM ȘI LIMBI MINORITARE ÎN ROMÂNIA [MULTILINGUALISM AND MINORITY LANGUAGES IN ROMANIA] |url=http://www.dri.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Multilingvism-si-limbi-minoritare-in-Romania.pdf |publisher=[[:ro:Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan - Alexandru Rosetti”|Institute of Linguistics "Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti"]], [[Romanian Academy]] |page=25 |language=ro |date=2009 |quote=În cazul României, 10 limbi beneficiază de protecție generală (albaneză, armeană, greacă, italiană, idiș, macedoneană, poloneză, romani, ruteană, tătară) și 10 limbi beneficiază de protecție sporită (bulgară, cehă, croată, germană, maghiară, rusă, sârbă, slovacă, turcă, ucraineană). |access-date=2019-12-14 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214095127/http://www.dri.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Multilingvism-si-limbi-minoritare-in-Romania.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{TUR}}<ref name=Toktaş2006/><ref name=Bayır2013/><ref name=HRWLanguageRights/><ref name=Uzum2017/>
| {{UKR}}<ref name=UKR>{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5029-17| title=Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy" (Current version – Revision from 01.02.2014) |publisher=rada.gov.ua|work=Document 5029-17, Article 7: Regional or minority languages Ukraine, Paragraph 2|date=1 February 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|language =uk|quote=Стаття 7. Регіональні мови або мови меншин України&nbsp;... 2. У контексті Європейської хартії регіональних мов або мов меншин до регіональних мов або мов меншин України, до яких застосовуються заходи, спрямовані на використання регіональних мов або мов меншин, що передбачені у цьому Законі, віднесені мови: російська, білоруська, болгарська, вірменська, гагаузька, ідиш, кримськотатарська, молдавська, німецька, новогрецька, польська, ромська, румунська, словацька, угорська, русинська, караїмська, кримчацька.}}</ref>}}
| agency           = {{plainlist|
*[[Armenian National Academy of Sciences]] (Armenia)<ref>{{cite web|title=H. Acharian Institute of Language|url=http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&langid=1|website=sci.am|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005040613/http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&langid=1|archive-date=5 October 2014|quote=Main Fields of Activity: investigation of the structure and functioning, history and comparative grammar of the Armenian language, exploration of the literary Eastern and Western Armenian Language, dialectology, regulation of literary language, development of terminology}}</ref>
*[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] (Western Armenian, ''de facto'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Borjian |first1=Maryam |title=Language and Globalization: An Autoethnographic Approach |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315394619 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rgAqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Calouste+Gulbenkian+Foundation+%22western+armenian%22&pg=PA205 205] |quote=At the forefront of the development of Western Armenian in everyday life as well as in arts and technology is the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Yesayan |first1=Catherine |title=Unraveling the Life of Calouste Gulbenkian |url=https://asbarez.com/181752/unraveling-the-life-of-calouste-gulbenkian/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=June 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502174327/https://asbarez.com/181752/unraveling-the-life-of-calouste-gulbenkian/ |archive-date=2 May 2021 |quote=The 'core' activity of the Armenian Department is the preservation, advancement and revitalization of Western Armenian.}}</ref>}}
| iso1             = hy
| iso2b            = arm
| iso2t            = hye
| lc1              = hye
| ld1              = [[Eastern Armenian]]
| lc2              = hyw
| ld2              = [[Western Armenian]]
| lc3              = xcl
| ld3              = [[Classical Armenian]]
| lc4              = axm
| ld4              = [[Middle Armenian]]
| lingua           = 57-AAA-a
| image            = Armenian language in the Armenian alphabet.svg
| imagescale       = 
| imagecaption     = "Armenian language" in the [[Armenian alphabet]]
| map              = Armenian Language distribution map.png
| mapcaption       = The current distribution of the Armenian language in the southern Caucasus
| map2             = Map-of-speakers-of-armenian.png
| mapcaption2      = {{Legend|#023858|Official language spoken by the majority}}
  {{Legend|#0570b0|Recognized minority language}}
  {{Legend|#74a9cf|Significant number of speakers}}
| notice           = IPA
| glotto           = arme1241
| glottorefname    = Armenic
| ethnicity        = [[Armenians]]
}}

'''Armenian''' ([[endonym]]: {{lang|hy|հայերեն}},{{Efn|Spelled in [[Classical Armenian orthography|classical orthography]] as {{lang|hy|հայերէն}}.|name=classical}} {{Transliteration|hy|Hayeren}}, {{IPA|hy|hɑjɛˈɾɛn|pron|Hɑjɛɾɛn.ogg}}) is an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family. It is the native language of the [[Armenians|Armenian people]] and the official language of [[Armenia]]. Historically spoken in the [[Armenian highlands]], today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the [[Armenian diaspora]]. Armenian is written in its own [[writing system]], the [[Armenian alphabet]], introduced in 405&nbsp;AD by Saint [[Mesrop Mashtots]]. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martirosyan |first1=Hrach |author1-link=Hrach Martirosyan |title=All You Need to Know about Armenian Language |url=https://aspirantum.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-armenian-language |website=aspirantum.com |publisher=ASPIRANTUM: Armenian School of Languages and Cultures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502175841/https://aspirantum.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-armenian-language |archive-date=2 May 2021 |date=March 2, 2020 |quote=The total number of Armenians in the world is roughly estimated as 7–11 million, of which ca. 5-5.5 million speak Armenian.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Language Monday: Armenian |url=https://www.worldbook.com/behind-the-headlines/Language-Monday-Armenian |website=[[World Book Encyclopedia]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502180403/https://www.worldbook.com/behind-the-headlines/Language-Monday-Armenian |archive-date=2 May 2021 |date=April 23, 2018 |quote=About 7 million people speak the Armenian language worldwide.}}</ref>