Editing Arnold J. Toynbee (section)

{{Short description|British historian (1889–1975)}}
{{About|the universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee|his uncle, the economic historian|Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox historian
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CH|FBA|size=100%}}
| image = Arnold J. Toynbee Anefo.jpg
| caption = Toynbee in 1967
| birth_name = Arnold Joseph Toynbee
| birth_date = {{birth date|1889|4|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1975|10|22|1889|4|14|df=y}}
| death_place = [[York]], England
| discipline = History
| notable_works = ''[[A Study of History]]''
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[University of Oxford]]|[[King's College, London]]|[[London School of Economics]]|[[Royal Institute of International Affairs]]}}
| relatives = [[Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)|Arnold Toynbee]] (uncle) <br> [[Jocelyn Toynbee]] (sister)
| spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|[[Rosalind Murray]]|1913|1946|end=div}} | {{marriage|Veronica M. Boulter|1946}}}}
| children = {{hlist | Antony Toynbee | [[Philip Toynbee]] | Lawrence Toynbee}}
| main_interests = [[Universal history (genre)|Universal history]]
| influences = {{flatlist|
* [[Carl Jung]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Ian |year=2006 |title=The International Thought of Martin Wight |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=188 |doi=10.1057/9781403983527 |isbn=978-1-4039-8352-7}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Khaldun]]<ref name=Britannica>''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th ed., vol. 9, p. 148.</ref>
* {{Ill|Anton Hilckman|de|Anton Hilckman|lt=Anton Hilckman}}
* [[Oswald Spengler]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joll|first=James|date=1985|title=Two Prophets of the Twentieth Century: Spengler and Toynbee|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097037|journal=Review of International Studies|volume=11|issue=2|pages=91–104|doi=10.1017/S026021050011424X|doi-broken-date=27 February 2025 |jstor=20097037|s2cid=145705005 |issn=0260-2105|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
}}
| influenced = {{flatlist|
* [[Christopher Dawson]]
* [[Carroll Quigley]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Evolution of Civilizations - An Introduction to Historical Analysis (1979)|url=http://archive.org/details/CarrollQuigley-TheEvolutionOfCivilizations-AnIntroductionTo|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* [[David Wilkinson (political scientist)|David Wilkinson]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/CCR/article/view/12262/12162|title=Central Civilization|last1=Wilkinson|first1=David|author-link1=David Wilkinson (political scientist)|journal=[[Comparative Civilizations Review]]|volume=17|date=Fall 1987|pages=31–59}}</ref>
}}
| education = [[Balliol College, Oxford]]
| signature = Arnold J Toynbee signature 1948.svg
}}
'''Arnold Joseph Toynbee''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CH|FBA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɔɪ|n|b|i}}; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a [[philosopher of history]], an author of numerous books and a research professor of [[comparative history|international history]] at the [[London School of Economics]] and [[King's College London]]. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on [[international relations|international affairs]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=J. Creagh |title=Hidden Government |date=2017 |publisher=The A.K. Chesterton Trust |location=[[London]] |isbn=978-1-912258-00-0 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gTIoDwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> from 1929 to 1956 he was the Director of Studies at [[Chatham House]],<ref name="Carrington_115" /> in which position he also produced 34 volumes of the ''Survey of International Affairs,'' a "bible" for international specialists in Britain.<ref name="mcneill1989p124" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brewin |first1=Christopher |last2=Toynbee |first2=Arnold |date=1992 |title=Research in a Global Context: A Discussion of Toynbee's Legacy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097289 |journal=Review of International Studies |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |doi=10.1017/S0260210500118819 |jstor=20097289 |s2cid=145529789 |issn=0260-2105|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

He is best known for his 12-volume ''[[A Study of History]]'' (1934–1961). With his prodigious output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was widely read and discussed in the 1940s and 1950s.