Editing Arthur Nebe (section)

{{Short description|German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator (1894–1945)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name              = Arthur Nebe
| image             = Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Alber-096-34, Arthur Nebe.jpg
| image_size        = 
| caption           = Nebe in 1942
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=yes|1894|11|13}}
| death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|1945|3|21|1894|11|13}}
| birth_place       = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| death_place       = [[Plötzensee Prison]], [[Berlin]], [[Nazi Germany]]
| conviction        = 
| criminal_penalty  = [[death penalty]]
| death_cause       = [[Execution by hanging]]
| victims           = 45,000+
| country           = [[Belarus]] and [[Germany]]
| motive            = [[Nazism]]
| beginyear         = 1941
| endyear           = 1944
| module            = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes
|embed_title=[[Schutzstaffel|SS]] career
| allegiance    = {{plainlist|
* [[German Empire]]
* [[Nazi Germany]]
}}
| branch        = {{plainlist|
* [[Imperial German Army]]
* ''[[Schutzstaffel]]''
}}
| serviceyears  = {{ubl|1914–1918|1931–1944}}
| rank          = SS-''[[Gruppenführer]]''
| unit          = ''[[Kriminalpolizei]]''
| commands      = {{ubl|[[Reichskriminalpolizeiamt|Reich Criminal Police]] | ''[[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe B]]'' | [[Interpol]]}}
| battles       = [[World War I]]
| awards        = {{ubl|[[Iron Cross]], first class{{sfn|Biondi|2000|p=10}}|[[War Merit Cross]], 1st and 2nd class with Swords{{sfn|Biondi|2000|p=10}}}}
}}
}}

'''Arthur Nebe''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁtuːɐ̯ ˈneːbə|lang|De-Arthur Nebe.oga}}; 13 November 1894 – 21 March 1945) was a German [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] functionary who held key positions in the security and police apparatus of [[Nazi Germany]] and was, from 1941, a major perpetrator of [[the Holocaust]].

Nebe rose through the ranks of the Prussian police force to become head of Nazi Germany's Criminal Police ([[Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)|''Kriminalpolizei'']]; Kripo) in 1936, which was amalgamated into the [[Reich Security Main Office]] (RSHA) in 1939. Before the [[Operation Barbarossa|1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union]], Nebe volunteered to serve as the commanding officer of [[Einsatzgruppen|''Einsatzgruppe B'']], one of the four mobile [[death squad]]s of the SS. The unit was deployed in the [[Army Group Centre Rear Area]], in modern-day [[Belarus]]; it reported over 45,000 victims by November 1941. In late 1941, Nebe was posted back to Berlin and resumed his career with the RSHA. Nebe commanded the Kripo until he was denounced and executed after the failed attempt to kill [[Adolf Hitler]] in July 1944.

After the war, Nebe's career and involvement with the [[20 July plot]] against Hitler were the subject of several apologetic accounts by surviving members of the plot, who portrayed him as a professional policeman and a dedicated anti-Nazi. These portrayals have since been discredited by historians who describe him as an opportunist and a mass murderer driven by racism and careerism.