Editing Arts and Crafts movement (section)

{{Short description|Design movement (c. 1880–1920)}}
{{About|the art and design movement|handicrafts generally|Handicraft|other uses|Arts & Crafts (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
[[File:William Morris design for Trellis wallpaper 1862.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|[[William Morris]]' design for Trellis wallpaper, 1862]]
The '''Arts and Crafts movement''' was an international trend in the [[Decorative arts|decorative]] and [[fine arts]] that developed earliest and most fully in the [[British Isles]]<ref name="grove">{{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=Gordon|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, Volume 1|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518948-3}}</ref> and subsequently spread across the [[British Empire]] and to the rest of Europe and America.<ref>Wendy Kaplan and Alan Crawford, ''The Arts & Crafts movement in Europe & America: Design for the Modern World'', Los Angeles County Museum of Art</ref>

Initiated in reaction against the perceived impoverishment of the decorative arts and the conditions in which they were produced,<ref name="king">{{cite book|first=Brenda M. |last= King|title=Silk and Empire|publisher = Manchester University Press|date= 2005|isbn = 978-0-7190-6700-6}}</ref> the movement flourished in Europe and North America between about 1880 and 1920. Some consider that it is the root of the [[Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)|Modern Style]], a British expression of what later came to be called the [[Art Nouveau]] movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Arts-and-Crafts-movement|title=Arts and Crafts movement &#124; British and international movement|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=4 August 2023}}</ref> Others consider that it is the incarnation of Art Nouveau in England.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maingon |first=Claire |date=2018 |title=L'Art Nouveau en trois minutes |url=https://www.beauxarts.com/grand-format/lart-nouveau-en-3-minutes/ |website=Beaux Arts Magazine}}</ref> 

Others consider Art and Crafts to be in opposition to Art Nouveau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Férré |first=Benjamin |date=2015 |title=L'inspiration Arts & Crafts |url=https://www.colineblot.fr/2015/05/benjamin-ferre-et-linspiration-arts-crafts/ |website=Coline Blot - Espace Saint-Cyprien, Toulouse}}</ref> Arts and Crafts indeed criticized Art Nouveau for its use of industrial materials such as iron.

In Japan, it emerged in the 1920s as the [[Mingei]] movement. It stood for traditional craftsmanship, and often used [[Medievalism|medieval]], [[Romanticism|romantic]], or [[Folk art|folk]] styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and was anti-industrial in its orientation.<ref name="king" /><ref>Moses N. Ikiugu and Elizabeth A. Ciaravino, ''Psychosocial Conceptual Practice models in Occupational Therapy''; {{cite web|publisher= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] | url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/bg_styles/Style09a/index.html | title= Arts and Crafts Style Guide | work=British Galleries | access-date= 17 July 2007}}</ref> It had a strong influence on the arts in Europe until it was displaced by [[Modernism]] in the 1930s,<ref name="grove" /> and its influence continued among craft makers, designers, and town planners long afterwards.<ref name="maccarthy2014" />

The term was first used by [[T. J. Cobden-Sanderson]] at a meeting of the [[Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society]] in 1887,<ref name=crawford>Alan Crawford, ''C. R. Ashbee: Architect, Designer & Romantic Socialist'', Yale University Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-300-10939-3}}</ref> although the principles and style on which it was based had been developing in England for at least 20 years. It was inspired by the ideas of historian [[Thomas Carlyle]], art critic [[John Ruskin]], and designer [[William Morris]].<ref name=triggs>{{Cite book| url = https://archive.org/details/chaptersinhistor00trig | first= Oscar Lovell | last=Triggs | title=Chapters in the History of the Arts and Crafts Movement | publisher = Bohemia Guild of the Industrial Art League | year = 1902}}</ref> In Scotland, it is associated with key figures such as [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sumpner|first1=Dave|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCMDwAAQBAJ&q=key+Rennie|title=My Revision Notes: Pearson Edexcel A Level Design and Technology (Product Design)|last2=Morrison|first2=Julia|date=28 February 2020|publisher=Hodder Education|isbn=978-1-5104-7422-2|language=en}}</ref> Viollet le Duc's books on nature and Gothique art also play an essential part in the esthetics of the Arts and Crafts movement.