Editing As-salamu alaykum (section)

{{Short description|Arabic greeting meaning "Peace be upon you"}}
{{Italic title}}
{{redirect2|Salaam|Salam||Salaam (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Assalamu-aleykum-black.svg|thumb|''salamu alaykum'' written in the [[Thuluth]] style of [[Arabic calligraphy]]|alt=]] 

'''''As-salamu alaykum''''' ({{langx|ar|ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ|as-salāmu ʿalaykum}}, {{IPA|ar|as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum|pron|Ar-السلام_عليكم.oga}}), also written '''''salamun alaykum''''' and typically rendered in English as '''''salam alaykum''''', is a greeting in [[Arabic]] that means 'Peace be upon you'. The {{lang|ar-Latn|salām}} ({{lang|ar|سَلَام}}, meaning 'peace') has become a religious [[salutation]] for [[Muslims]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ahadith.net/bukhari/book/79/chapter/1/hadith/6229 |title=Sayings of the Messenger (s.a.w) – Sahih Al-Bukhari- |publisher=ahadith.net |access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref><ref name="Ccnmtl">{{cite web |url=http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/mxp/notes/5140.html|title='As-Salaamu-Alaikum' and 'Wa-Alaikum-as-Salaam' |publisher=ccnmtl.columbia.edu |access-date=2013-07-27}}</ref> worldwide when greeting each other, though its use as a greeting predates [[Islam]], and is also common among [[Arabic]] speakers of other religions (such as [[Arab Christians]] and [[Mizrahi Jews]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldziher |first=Ignaz |date=1892 |title=Der Dîwân des Ǵarwal b. Aus Al-Ḥuṭej'a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43362216 |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=22–23 |jstor=43362216 |issn=0341-0137}}</ref>

In colloquial speech, often only {{lang|ar-Latn|salām}}, 'peace', is used to greet a person. This shorter greeting, {{lang|ar-Latn|salām}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=assalamu |first=alaikum |title=Assalamu Alaikum सलाम करने के 38 सुन्नते और आदाब In HIndi |url=https://www.irfani-islam.in/2021/11-alaikum.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301154652/https://www.irfani-islam.in/2021/11/assalamu-alaikum.html |archive-date=March 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Irfani-Islam}}</ref> ({{lang|ar|سَلَام}}), has come to be used as the general salutation in other languages as well.

The typical response to the greeting is {{lang|ar-Latn|[[wa alaykumu s-salam|wa-ʿalaykumu s-salām]]}} ({{lang|ar|وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ}} {{IPA|ar|wa.ʕa.laj.ku.mu‿s.sa.laːm||Ar-وعليكم_السلام.oga}}, 'and peace be upon you'). In the Quranic period one repeated ''as-salamu alaykum'', but the inverted response is attested in Arabic not long after its appearance in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last1=Arendonk |first1=C. van |title=Salām |date=2012-04-24 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/salam-SIM_6520?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 |access-date=2024-02-05 |publisher=Brill |language=en |last2=Gimaret |first2=D.}}</ref>  The phrase may also be expanded to {{lang|ar-Latn|as-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuhᵘ̄}} ({{lang|ar|ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ}} {{IPA|ar|as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum wa.raħ.ma.tu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ba.ra.kaː.tu.hu|}}, 'Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of [[God]] and His blessings').

The use of ''salām'' as an Arabic greeting dates at least to [[Laqit bin Yamar al-Ayadi]] (6th century),<ref>Laqit's date is uncertain and contested by other sources. He uses ''salām'' according to Van Arendonk and other scholars; see, however, {{Cite book |last=Nöldeke |first=Theodor |author-link=Theodor Nöldeke |title=Orient und Occident |date=1862 |publisher=Dieterich |volume=1 |pages=708 |language=de |chapter=Beitrage zur altarabischen litteratur und geschichte |quote=كتاب (besser) Agânî. Ibn Duraid S. 105. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_tGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA708}}</ref> and [[cognate]]s in older [[Semitic languages]]—[[Aramaic]] {{lang|syc-Latn|šlāmā ʿalḵōn}} ({{lang|syc|ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ}}) and Hebrew {{lang|he-Latn|[[shalom aleichem]]}} ({{lang|he|שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם}} {{lang|he-Latn|shālôm ʻalêḵem}})—can be traced back to the [[Old Testament]] period.<ref name="auto">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|shalom aleichem|access-date=May 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/shalom-aleichem |title=shalom aleichem |work=Collins Dictionary |access-date=May 19, 2018 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalman |first=Gustaf |url=http://archive.org/details/grammatikdesj00dalmuoft |title=Grammatik des Jüdisch-Palästinischen Aramäisch nach den Idiomen des palästinischen Talmud und Midrasch, des Onkelostargum (Cod. Socini 84) und der Jerusalemischen Targume zum Pentateuch |date=1905 |publisher=Leipzig, Hinrichs |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=244}}</ref>