Editing Auditory cortex (section)

{{Short description|Part of the temporal lobe of the brain}}
{{Infobox brain
| Name            = Auditory cortex
| Latin           = cortex auditivus
| Image           = Auditory Cortex Frequency Mapping.svg
| Caption         = Auditory cortex in the [[human brain]]
| IsPartOf        =
| Components      =
| Artery          =
| Vein            =
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}}
[[File:Human temporal lobe areas.png|thumb|250px|[[Coronal section]] of a human brain. BA41(red) and BA42(green) are auditory cortex. BA22(yellow) is [[Brodmann area 22]], HF(blue) is [[hippocampal formation]] and pSTG is posterior part of [[superior temporal gyrus]].]]

The '''auditory cortex''' is the part of the [[temporal lobe]] that processes auditory information in humans and many other [[vertebrates]]. It is a part of the [[auditory system]], performing basic and higher functions in [[hearing]], such as possible relations to [[language switching]].<ref name="Pickles2012p238">Cf. Pickles, James O. (2012). ''An Introduction to the Physiology of Hearing'' (4th ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, p. 238.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Esti|last1=Blanco-Elorrieta|first2=Pylkkanen|last2=Liina |date= 2017-08-16 |title= Bilingual language switching in the lab vs. in the wild: The Spatio-temporal dynamics of adaptive language control |journal= Journal of Neuroscience |volume=37 |issue=37 |pages=9022–9036|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0553-17.2017|pmid=28821648|pmc=5597983}}</ref>  It is located bilaterally, roughly at the upper sides of the [[temporal lobe]]s – in humans, curving down and onto the medial surface, on the superior temporal plane, within the [[lateral sulcus]] and comprising parts of the [[transverse temporal gyrus|transverse temporal gyri]], and the [[superior temporal gyrus]], including the planum polare and [[planum temporale]] (roughly [[Brodmann areas 41 and 42]], and partially [[Brodmann area 22|22]]).<ref>Cf. Pickles, James O. (2012). ''An Introduction to the Physiology of Hearing'' (4th ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 215–217.</ref><ref name="Nakai_2017">{{cite journal|last2=Jeong|first2=JW|last3=Brown|first3=EC|last4=Rothermel|first4=R|last5=Kojima|first5=K|last6=Kambara|first6=T|last7=Shah|first7=A|last8=Mittal|first8=S|last9=Sood|first9=S|last10=Asano|first10=E|year=2017|title=Three- and four-dimensional mapping of speech and language in patients with epilepsy|journal=Brain|volume=140|issue=5|pages=1351–1370|doi=10.1093/brain/awx051|pmid=28334963|pmc=5405238|last1=Nakai|first1=Y}}{{open access}}</ref>

The auditory cortex takes part in the spectrotemporal, meaning involving time and frequency, analysis of the inputs passed on from the ear. The cortex then filters and passes on the information to the dual stream of speech processing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hickok|first1=Gregory|last2=Poeppel|first2=David|date=May 2007|title=The cortical organization of speech processing|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|language=en|volume=8|issue=5|pages=393–402|doi=10.1038/nrn2113|pmid=17431404|s2cid=6199399|issn=1471-0048}}</ref> The auditory cortex's function may help explain why particular brain damage leads to particular outcomes. For example, unilateral destruction, in a region of the auditory pathway above the [[cochlear nucleus]], results in slight hearing loss, whereas bilateral destruction results in [[cortical deafness]].