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Autoignition temperature
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{{Short description|Lowest temperature at which a substance spontaneously combusts}} The '''autoignition temperature''' or '''self-ignition temperature''', often called '''spontaneous ignition temperature''' or '''minimum ignition temperature''' (or shortly '''ignition temperature''') and formerly also known as '''kindling point''', of a [[Chemical substance|substance]] is the lowest [[temperature]] at which it [[Spontaneous combustion|spontaneously ignites]] in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a [[flame]] or [[Spark (fire)|spark]].<ref name="LAURENDEAU"/> This temperature is required to supply the [[activation energy]] needed for [[combustion]]. The temperature at which a chemical ignites decreases as the [[pressure]] is decreased.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.purkh.com/articles/autoignition-temperature-understanding-the-science-behind-spontaneous-combustion-101934.html#:~:text=Pressure%20can%20influence%20the%20auto,aerospace%20or%20deep%2Dsea%20exploration | title=Auto-Ignition Temperature: Understanding the Science behind Spontaneous Combustion | journal=To Chemistry Journal | date=29 March 2023 | volume=10 | issue=1 | pages=1 | last1=Lin | first1=Guanyou }}</ref> *Substances which spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere at naturally ambient temperatures are termed [[Pyrophoricity|pyrophoric]]. Autoignition temperatures of liquid chemicals are typically measured using a {{convert|500|ml|adj=on}} flask placed in a temperature-controlled oven in accordance with the procedure described in [[ASTM International|ASTM]] E659.<ref>E659 β 78 (Reapproved 2000), "Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals", ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.</ref> When measured for [[plastics]], autoignition temperature can also be measured under elevated pressure and at 100% oxygen concentration. The resulting value is used as a predictor of viability for high-oxygen service. The main testing standard for this is ASTM G72.<ref>S. Grynko, "Material Properties Explained" (2012), {{ISBN|1-4700-7991-7}}, p. 46.</ref>
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