Editing Azurite (section)

{{Short description|Copper carbonate mineral}}
{{About|the carbonate mineral|the FDPSO vessel|Azurite FDPSO|the green fluorescent protein derivative|Green fluorescent protein#GFP derivatives|the mountain|Azurite Peak}}
{{Other uses|Azure spar}}
{{Infobox mineral
|boxbgcolor=#0066CC| name = Azurite
| boxtextcolor = #fff
| category = [[Carbonate mineral]]
| image =  Azurite - New Nevada Lode, La Sal, Utah, USA.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| alt         = 
| caption = Azurite from New Nevada lode, La Sal, Utah, USA
| formula = Cu<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>
|IMAsymbol=Azu<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight = 344.67 g/mol
| strunz = 5.BA.05
| system = [[Monoclinic]]
| class = Prismatic (2/m) <br/><small>(same [[H-M symbol]])</small>
| symmetry = ''P''2<sub>1</sub>/c
| unit cell = a = 5.01&nbsp;[[Ångstrom|Å]], b = 5.85&nbsp;Å <br/>c = 10.35&nbsp;Å; β = 92.43°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;2
| color = Azure-blue, dark to pale blue; pale blue in transmitted light
| habit = Massive, prismatic, stalactitic, tabular
| cleavage = Perfect on {{mset|011}}, fair on {{mset|100}}, poor on {{mset|110}}
| fracture = Conchoidal
| tenacity = brittle
| mohs = 3.5 to 4
| twinning = Rare, twin planes {{mset|{{overline|1}}01}}, {{mset|{{overline|1}}02}} or {{mset|001}}
| luster = Vitreous
| opticalprop = Biaxial (+)
| refractive = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.730 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.758 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.838
| birefringence = δ = 0.108
| dispersion = relatively weak
| pleochroism = Visible shades of blue
| 2V = Measured: 68°, calculated: 64°
| streak = Light blue
| gravity = 3.773 (measured), 3.78 (calculated)
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
| references = <ref name=Handbook>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/azurite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-447.html Mindat.org]</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Azurite.shtml Webmineral.com Webmineral Data]</ref>
}}

'''Azurite''' or ''[[Azure spar]]''<ref name="kriv">''Krivovichev V. G.'' Mineralogical glossary. Scientific editor [[:uk:Булах Андрій Глібович|A. G. Bulakh]]. — St.Petersburg: St.Petersburg Univ. Publ. House. 2009. — 556 p. — ISBN 978-5-288-04863-0. ''(in Russian)''</ref>{{rp|14}} is a soft, deep-blue [[copper]] [[mineral]] produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. During the early 19th century, it was also known as '''chessylite''', after the [[Type locality (geology)|type locality]] at [[Chessy, Rhône|Chessy-les-Mines]] near [[Lyon]], [[France]].<ref name=Mindat/> The mineral, a basic [[carbonate]] with the chemical formula Cu<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' under the Greek name {{Transliteration|el|kuanos}} (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English [[cyan]]) and the Latin name ''[[Cerulean|caeruleum]]''.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051220155850/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0328.html The Ancient Library: Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, p.321, right col., under ''BLUE'']}}</ref> Copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) gives it its blue color.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minerals Colored by Metal Ions |url=http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/color_causes/Metal_Ion/index.html |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=minerals.gps.caltech.edu}}</ref>