Editing Bangkok (section)

{{Short description|Capital of Thailand}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Bangkok
| other_name         = 
| native_name        = {{nobold|{{lang|th|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}}}
| native_name_lang   = th
| official_name      = Krung Thep Maha Nakhon
| settlement_type    = [[Capital city]] and [[List of municipalities in Thailand|special local administrative area]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 260
| caption_align            = center
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2
| image1                   = 4Y1A1159_Bangkok_(33536795515).jpg
| caption1                 = [[Sathon]] Business District
| alt1 = Sathon Business District at night
| image2                   = 01-วัดเบญจมบพิตรดุสิตวนารามราชวรวิหาร.jpg
| caption2                    = [[Wat Benchamabophit]]
| image3                   = Phra Thinang Chakri Maha Prasat (II) BKK.jpg
| caption3                    = [[Grand Palace]]
| image4                   = Giant swing - Sao Chingcha 2013-05-20.jpg
| caption4                 = [[Giant Swing]]
| image5                   = 0000140 - Wat Arun Ratchawararam 005.jpg
| caption5                 = [[Wat Arun]]
| image6                   = วัดพระศรีรัตนศาสดาราม วัดพระแก้ว กรุงเทพมหานคร - Wat Phra Kaew, Temple of Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand.jpg
| caption6                 = [[Wat Phra Kaew]]
| image7                   = 010-Democracy Monument.jpg
| caption7                 = [[Democracy Monument]] 
}}
| image_size         = 250px
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Bangkok.svg
| flag_size          = 110px
| flag_alt           = A green rectangular flag with the seal of Bangkok in the centre
| image_seal         = Seal Bangkok Metropolitan Admin (green).svg
| seal_size          = 90px
| seal_alt           = A round seal bearing the image of Indra riding Airavata among clouds, with the words &quot;Krung Thep Maha Nakhon&quot; (in Thai) across the top
| nickname           = City of Angels, The Big Mango
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=250|frame-height=280|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q1861}}###{{coord|qid=Q869}}###{{coord|qid=Q48}}|zoom=SWITCH:8;5;1|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;shape;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#5f5f5f|id2=Q869|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#5f5f5f|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1|switch=Bangkok;Thailand;Asia}}
| coordinates        = {{coord|13|45|09|N|100|29|39|E|region:TH-10_type:city(8,300,000)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =<ref name="BMA geo"/>
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Thailand]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Thailand|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Central Thailand]]
| established_title  = First settlements
| established_date   = {{Circa|15th century}}
| established_title1 = Founded as capital
| established_date1  = 21 April 1782
| established_title2 = Re-incorporated
| established_date2  = 13 December 1972
| founder            = [[Rama I]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Administrative divisions of Thailand#Special local administrative divisions|Special local administrative area]]
| governing_body     = [[Bangkok Metropolitan Administration]]
| leader_party       = [[Independent politician|indp.]]
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Bangkok|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Chadchart Sittipunt]]
<!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type         = Total
| unit_pref          = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes     =<ref name="BMA geo"/>
| area_metro_footnotes =<ref name="Tangchonlatip"/>
| area_note          = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_rank          = 
| area_blank2_title  = <!-- square km -->
| area_total_km2     = 1568.737
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_metro_km2     = 7761.6
| elevation_footnotes =<ref name="Sinsakul"/>
| elevation_m        = 1.5
| population_footnotes =<ref name="2010 census 1">{{cite book|title=The 2010 Population and Housing Census: Whole Kingdom|chapter=Table 1 Population by sex, household by type of household, changwat and area |chapter-url=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Office|access-date=6 September 2020|date=2012|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312075524/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf|archive-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
| population_total   = 8305218
| population_metro   = 17400000
| population_as_of   = 2010 census
| pop_est_footnotes  =<ref name=GPP/>
| pop_est_as_of      = 2021
| population_est     = 9034000
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Bangkokian
| demographics1_title1 = HDI
| demographics1_info1 = 0.943&nbsp;(<span style="color:#090;">very high</span>) ([[Provinces of Thailand|1st]])
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes =<ref name=GPP>{{cite web|title=Gross Regional and Provincial Product (GPP)|url=https://www.nesdc.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=4548}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = City
| demographics2_info1 = [[Thai baht|THB]] 6.143 trillion<br />(US$176 billion) (2023)
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = THB 675,979<br />(US$19,448) (2023)
| timezone1          = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]]
| utc_offset1        = +07:00
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 10###
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 02
| iso_code           = TH-10
| website            = {{URL|https://main.bangkok.go.th/}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Bangkok''',{{efn|1={{IPAc-en|UKlang|b|æ|ŋ|'|k|ɒ|k}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bangkok|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015627/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bangkok|archive-date=5 August 2017|title=Bangkok|website=British and World English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=4 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=collins/> {{IPAc-en|USlang|'|b|æ|ŋ|k|ɒ|k}}<ref name=collins>{{cite web|title=Definition of "Bangkok"|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bangkok|website=Collins English Dictionary (online)|publisher=HarperCollins|access-date=26 March 2014|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428220555/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bangkok|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bangkok|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805055650/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bangkok|archive-date=5 August 2017|title=Bangkok|website=US English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=4 August 2017}}</ref>}} officially known in [[Thai language|Thai]] as '''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'''{{efn|1={{lang|th|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}, {{IPA|th|krūŋ tʰêːp mahǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn|pron|Th-Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.ogg}}, where the phrase "Maha Nakhon" literally translates to "large (or great) city"}} and colloquially as '''Krung Thep''',{{efn|1={{Audio|Th-Krung Thep.ogg|Thai pronunciation}}}} is the capital and most populous city of [[Thailand]]. The city occupies {{convert|1568.7|km2}} in the [[Chao Phraya River]] delta in [[central Thailand]] and has an estimated population of 10&nbsp;million people as of 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thailand: population in Bangkok Metropolitan Area 2024 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/910999/thailand-population-in-bangkok-metropolitan-area/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> 13% of the country's population. Over 17.4&nbsp;million people (25% of Thailand's population) live within the surrounding [[Bangkok Metropolitan Region]] as of the 2021 estimate, making Bangkok a [[megacity]] and an extreme [[primate city]], dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy.<ref name=GPP/>

Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya era]] in the 15th century, which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities, [[Thonburi Kingdom|Thonburi]] in 1767 and [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Rattanakosin]] in 1782. Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam during the late 19th century, as the country faced pressures from the West. The city was at the centre of the country's political struggles throughout the 20th century, as Siam—later renamed Thailand—abolished absolute monarchy, adopted constitutional rule, and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings. The city, incorporated as a special administrative area under the [[Bangkok Metropolitan Administration]] in 1972, grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand's politics, economy, education, media, and modern society.

The [[Tiger Cub Economies|Asian investment boom]] in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok. The city is now a regional force in finance, business, and pop culture. It is an international hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a centre for the arts, fashion, and entertainment. The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks, as well as its [[red-light district]]s. The [[Grand Palace]] and [[Buddhist temple]]s, including [[Wat Arun]] and [[Wat Pho]], stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as the nightlife scenes of [[Khaosan Road]] and [[Patpong]]. Bangkok is among the world's top tourist destinations and has been named the world's most visited city consistently in several international rankings.

Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little [[urban planning]], has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure.<ref name="Medhi" /> Despite an extensive [[Expressway Authority of Thailand|expressway network]], an inadequate road network and substantial private car usage have led to chronic and crippling [[traffic congestion]], which caused severe [[air pollution]] in the 1990s. The city has since turned to public transport in an attempt to solve the problem, operating [[Rail transport in Bangkok|10 urban rail lines]] and building other public transit; however, congestion remains a prevalent issue.