Editing Banu Hashim (section)

{{Short description|Clan of the Quraysh tribe}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Banu Hashim <br /><small>({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم}})</small>
| type = [[Quraysh]], [[Adnanites]]
| image = Name of Banu Hashim.png
| alt = Caligraphy of the family name in Arabic
| caption = [[Arabic calligraphy]] of the Tribe's name
| nisba = Al-Hashmi
| location = [[Arabia]]
| descended = [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]]
| parent_tribe = [[Quraysh]]
| branches = *[[Alids]]
* [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib #Descendants|Ja'farites]]
* [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib #Legacy|Aqilites]]
* [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasids]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| ethnicity = [[Arabs|Arab]]
| language = [[Arabic]]
| surnames = [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|Al Hashimi]]
}}
{{Muhammad}}
'''Banu Hashim''' ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم|Banū Hāshim}}) is an [[Arabs|Arab]] clan within the [[Quraysh]] tribe to which the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]].

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as '''Hashemites''', '''Hashimites''', '''Hashimids''', or '''Bakara''' and often carry the surname [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|{{transliteration|ar|al-Hāshimī}}]]. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter [[Fatimah|Fatima]], hold the traditional title of [[Sharif|{{transliteration|ar|Sharīf}}]] (often synonymous to {{transliteration|ar|[[Sayyid]]}}).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}</ref>

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.<ref>{{harvnb|Van Arendonk|Graham|1960–2007}}.</ref> Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] (ruled from [[Baghdad]] 750–945; held the [[caliphate]] without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in [[Cairo]]), the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the [[Alawi dynasty|'Alawi]] (rulers of [[Morocco]], 1631–present), and the [[Hashemites]] (rulers of [[Jordan]], 1921–present).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Routledge |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBWmAwOJI2UC |title=Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology |date=2004-07-26 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3801-3 |pages=236 |language=en}}</ref>