Editing Big science (section)

{{Short description|Term used to describe a series of changes in science occurred in industrial nations}}
{{Other uses|Big Science (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=January 2009}}
{{Buzzword|date=February 2022}}
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[[File:Shiva amplifier chains.jpg|thumb|right|250px|In 1977 the completion of the [[Shiva laser]] at [[LLNL]] ushered in a new field of big science: [[laser fusion]].]]

'''Big science''' is a term used by [[scientists]] and [[history of science and technology|historians of science]] to describe a series of changes in [[science]] which occurred in [[industrial nations]] during and after [[World War II]], as scientific progress increasingly came to rely on large-scale projects usually funded by national governments or groups of governments.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big%20science "big science"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423172436/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big%20science |date=23 April 2009 }}, Merriam-Webster</ref> Individual or small group efforts, or [[small science]], are still relevant today as theoretical results by individual authors may have a significant impact, but very often the empirical verification requires experiments using constructions, such as the [[Large Hadron Collider]], costing between $5 and $10 billion.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Evans |first1=Lyn |title=A Machine with Endless Frontiers: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) |date=2024-04-30 |work=Big Science, Innovation, and Societal Contributions |pages=56–87 |editor-last=Liyanage |editor-first=Shantha |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/56383/chapter/448318024 |access-date=2024-06-08 |edition=1 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |language=en |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0004 |isbn=978-0-19-888119-3 |last2=Bordry |first2=Frédérick |last3=Liyanage |first3=Shantha |editor2-last=Nordberg |editor2-first=Markus |editor3-last=Streit-Bianchi |editor3-first=Marilena|doi-access=free }}</ref>