Editing Biofeedback (section)

{{Short description|Gaining awareness of biological processes}}
{{Infobox medical intervention
|  Name        = Biofeedback
|  Image       = Biofeedback en.svg
|  Alt         = A person is connected to a computer with sensors, receiving information from the sensors via visual and sound information produced by the computer.
|  Caption     = A diagram showing the feedback loop between person, sensor, and processor to help provide biofeedback training
|  ICD10       = {{ICD10PCS|GZC|G/Z/C}}
|  ICD9        = {{ICD9|94.39}}
|  MeshID      = D001676
|  MedlinePlus = 002241
|  OtherCodes  = 
}}
[[File:Biofeedback training program for post-traumatic stress symptoms.jpg|thumb|Biofeedback device for treating [[posttraumatic stress disorder]]]]

'''Biofeedback''' is the technique of gaining greater [[awareness]] of many [[physiology|physiological]] functions of one's own body by using [[Electronics|electronic]] or other instruments, and with a [[goal]] of being able to [[Manipulation (psychology)|manipulate]] the body's systems at will. [[Human]]s conduct biofeedback naturally all the time, at varied levels of [[consciousness]] and intentionality. Biofeedback and the biofeedback loop can also be thought of as [[Emotional self-regulation|self-regulation]].<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Durand | first1 = Vincent Mark | last2 = Barlow | first2 = David | name-list-style = vanc |title=Abnormal psychology: an integrative approach |publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning |location=Belmont, CA |year=2009 |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo_q4zFVNo4C&pg=PA331 331] |isbn=978-0-495-09556-9 }}</ref><ref name = AAPB>{{cite news|publisher=[[Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback]]|title=What is Biofeedback|url=http://www.aapb.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1|others=(See bottom of page.)|date=18 May 2008|access-date=2015-03-05}}</ref>  Some of the processes that can be controlled include [[Electroencephalography|brainwaves]], [[muscle tone]], [[skin conductance]], [[heart rate]] and [[pain]] perception.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Christopher deCharms |author3-link=Gary H. Glover | vauthors = deCharms RC, Maeda F, Glover GH, Ludlow D, Pauly JM, Soneji D, Gabrieli JD, Mackey SC | display-authors = 6 | title = Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 102 | issue = 51 | pages = 18626–31 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16352728 | pmc = 1311906 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0505210102 | bibcode = 2005PNAS..10218626D | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Biofeedback may be used to improve [[health]], performance, and the physiological changes that often occur in conjunction with changes to [[thought]]s, [[emotion]]s, and [[behavior]]. Recently, [[technologies]] have provided assistance with intentional biofeedback.  Eventually, these changes may be maintained without the use of extra equipment, for no equipment is necessarily required to practice biofeedback.<ref name = AAPB/>

[[Meta-analysis]] of different biofeedback treatments have shown some benefit in the treatment of [[headache]]s and [[migraine]]s and [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]], though most of the studies in these meta-analyses did not make comparisons with alternative treatments.<ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">Nestoriuc Y, Martin A. Efficacy of biofeedback for migraine: a meta-analysis. 2007. In: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]. York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK73546/</ref><ref name="Efficacy of biofeedback for migrain">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nestoriuc Y, Martin A | title = Efficacy of biofeedback for migraine: a meta-analysis | journal = Pain | volume = 128 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 111–27 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17084028 | doi = 10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.007 | s2cid = 23351902 }}</ref><ref name="Biofeedback treatment for headache">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nestoriuc Y, Martin A, Rief W, Andrasik F | title = Biofeedback treatment for headache disorders: a comprehensive efficacy review | journal = Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–40 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18726688 | doi = 10.1007/s10484-008-9060-3 | s2cid = 29122354 }}</ref>