Editing Biopsychosocial model (section)

{{Short description|Explanatory model emphasizing the interplay among causal forces}}
{{POV|date=March 2023}}

[[File:Biopsychosocial Model of Health 1.svg|thumb|right|The biopsychosocial model of health]]
'''Biopsychosocial models''' (BPSM) are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between [[biology]], [[psychology]], and [[Social|socio]]-[[Biophysical environment|environmental]] factors. These models specifically examine how these aspects play a role in a range of topics but mainly [[psychiatry]], health and human development.

The term is generally used to describe a model advocated by [[George L. Engel]] in 1977.  The model builds upon the idea that "illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors".<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Wade |first1=Derick T |last2=Halligan |first2=Peter W |date=August 2017 |title=The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come |journal=Clinical Rehabilitation |language=en |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=995–1004 |doi=10.1177/0269215517709890 |issn=0269-2155 |pmid=28730890 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The idea behind the model was to express mental distress as a triggered response of a disease that a person is genetically vulnerable to when stressful life events occur. In that sense, it is also known as vulnerability-stress model.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wong |first=Daniel Fu Keung |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRxIAwAAQBAJ |title=Clinical Case Management for People with Mental Illness: A Biopsychosocial Vulnerability-Stress Model |date=2014-04-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-82498-5 |language=en}}</ref>

It then became referred to as a generalized model that interpreted similar aspects,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Crittenden PM, Landini A, Spieker SJ |date=2021 |title=Staying alive: A 21st century agenda for mental health, child protection and forensic services | doi = 10.1177/26344041211007831 |journal=Human Systems |volume=1 |pages=29–51 |s2cid=235486608 |issn=2634-4041}}</ref> and became an alternative to the [[Biomedical model|biomedical]] and/or psychological dominance of many health care systems.

As of 2017 the BPSM had become generally accepted.<ref name=":6"/> It grew in interest for researchers in healthcare and active medical professionals in the decade to 2020.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Nakao |first1=Mutsuhiro |last2=Komaki |first2=Gen |last3=Yoshiuchi |first3=Kazuhiro |last4=Deter |first4=Hans-Christian |last5=Fukudo |first5=Shin |date=2020-12-08 |title=Biopsychosocial medicine research trends: connecting clinical medicine, psychology, and public health |journal=BioPsychoSocial Medicine |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=30 |doi=10.1186/s13030-020-00204-9 |issn=1751-0759 |pmc=7722433 |pmid=33292438 |doi-access=free }}</ref>