Editing Biosensor (section)

{{Short description|Probe which tests for biological molecules}}
{{for|the journals|Biosensors (MDPI journal)|Biosensors (Elsevier journal)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
A '''biosensor''' is an analytical device, used for the detection of a chemical substance, that combines a biological component with a [[physical chemistry|physicochemical]] detector.<ref name="Highly sensitive and wide-dynamic-r">{{cite journal |title=Highly sensitive and wide-dynamic-range side-polished fiber-optic taste sensor |journal=Sensors and Actuators B |year=2017 |doi=10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.088|last1=Khalilian |first1=Alireza |last2=Khan |first2=Md. Rajibur Rahaman |last3=Kang |first3=Shin-Won |volume=249 |pages=700–707 |bibcode=2017SeAcB.249..700K }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Anthony|title=Biosensors:Fundamentals and Applications|year=1987|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0198547242|page=770 |author2=Wilson, George |author3=Kaube, Isao}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bănică|first=Florinel-Gabriel|title=Chemical Sensors and Biosensors:Fundamentals and Applications|year=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester, UK|isbn=9781118354230|page=576}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dincer|first1=Can|last2=Bruch|first2=Richard|last3=Costa-Rama|first3=Estefanía|last4=Fernández-Abedul|first4=Maria Teresa|last5=Merkoçi|first5=Arben|last6=Manz|first6=Andreas|last7=Urban|first7=Gerald Anton|last8=Güder|first8=Firat|date=2019-05-15|title=Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring|journal=Advanced Materials|volume=31|issue=30|pages=1806739|doi=10.1002/adma.201806739|pmid=31094032|bibcode=2019AdM....3106739D |issn=0935-9648|hdl=10044/1/69878|doi-access=free|hdl-access=free}}</ref> 
The ''sensitive biological element'', e.g. tissue, microorganisms, [[organelle]]s, [[cell receptor]]s, [[enzyme]]s, [[antibody|antibodies]], [[nucleic acid]]s, etc., is a biologically derived material or biomimetic component that interacts with, binds with, or recognizes the analyte under study. The biologically sensitive elements can also be created by [[biological engineering]].
The [[Biotransducer|''transducer'']] or the ''detector element'', which transforms one signal into another one, works in a physicochemical way: optical, [[piezoelectric]], electrochemical,
[[electrochemiluminescence]] etc., resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element, to easily measure and quantify.
The biosensor reader device connects with the associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Zhang M, Kretly LC |title=Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense |journal= Sensors |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=2932–2958 |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdpi.org/sensors/papers/s8052932.pdf |doi=10.3390/s8052932|pmid=27879858 |pmc=3675524 |bibcode=2008Senso...8.2932C |doi-access=free }}</ref> This sometimes accounts for the most expensive part of the sensor device, however it is possible to generate a user friendly display that includes transducer and sensitive element ([[holographic sensor]]). The readers are usually custom-designed and manufactured to suit the different working principles of biosensors.