Editing Birch Bayh (section)

{{short description|American lawyer and politician (1928–2019)}}
{{for | his father, the basketball and baseball coach | Birch Bayh (coach)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Birch Bayh
| image               = birch bayh.jpg
| office              = Chair of the [[United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|Senate Intelligence Committee]]
| term_start          = January 3, 1979
| term_end            = January 3, 1981
| predecessor         = [[Daniel Inouye]]
| successor           = [[Barry Goldwater]]
| jr/sr1              = United States Senator
| state1              = [[Indiana]]
| term_start1         = January 3, 1963
| term_end1           = January 3, 1981
| predecessor1        = [[Homer E. Capehart|Homer Capehart]]
| successor1          = [[Dan Quayle]]
| office2             = [[List of speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives|Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives]]
| term_start2         = November 5, 1958
| term_end2           = November 9, 1960
| predecessor2        = George Diener<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/office/1000/ | title = Speakers of the Indiana House | website = Capitol & Washington | date = March 3, 2015 | url-status = live | access-date = July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102020058/https://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/office/1000/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 }}</ref>
| successor2          = Richard Guthrie
| state_house3        = Indiana
| district3           = [[Vigo County, Indiana|Vigo County]]
| term_start3         = November 3, 1954
| term_end3           = November 7, 1962
| predecessor3        = John Brentlinger<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/county/84/3/ | title = Chronological listing of State Representatives for Vigo County | website = Capitol & Washington | date = September 28, 2019 | url-status = live | access-date = July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203132604/https://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/county/84/3/ |archive-date=December 3, 2019 }}</ref>
| successor3          = Hubert Werneke
| birth_name          = Birch Evans Bayh Jr.
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1928|01|22}}
| birth_place         = [[Terre Haute, Indiana]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2019|03|14|1928|01|22}}
| death_place         = [[Easton, Maryland]], U.S.
| resting_place       = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Marvella Bayh|Marvella Hern]]|1952|April 24, 1979|end=died}}
* {{marriage|Kitty Halpin|1981}}
}}
| children            = 2, including [[Evan Bayh|Evan]]
| education           = [[Purdue University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Indiana State University]]<br />[[Indiana University Bloomington]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| allegiance          = {{flagu|United States|1912}}
| branch              = {{Army|United States}}
| serviceyears        = 1946–1948
| rank                = [[Private first class|Private (1st Class)]]
| signature           = Birch Bayh's signature.svg
| caption             = 
}}

'''Birch Evans Bayh Jr.''' ({{IPAc-en|b|aɪ}};<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/abcd/#b|title=Say How: B|publisher=National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> January 22, 1928 – March 14, 2019) was an American politician. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he served as a member of [[United States Senate]] from 1963 to 1981. He was first elected to office in 1954, when he won election to the [[Indiana House of Representatives]]; in 1958, he was elected Speaker, the youngest person to hold that office in the state's history. In 1962, he ran for the U.S. Senate, narrowly defeating incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Homer E. Capehart]]. Shortly after entering the Senate, he became Chairman of the [[United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution]], and in that role authored two constitutional amendments: the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-fifth]]—which establishes procedures for an [[Peaceful transition of power|orderly transition of power]] in the case of the death, disability, or resignation of the [[President of the United States]]—and the [[Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-sixth]], which lowered the voting age to 18 throughout the United States. He is the first person since [[James Madison]] and only non–[[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] to have authored more than one constitutional amendment. Bayh also led unsuccessful efforts to ratify the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] and eliminate the [[United States Electoral College]].

Bayh authored [[Title IX]] of the [[Higher Education Act of 1965]], which bans [[sexism]] in higher education institutions that receive federal funding. He also authored the [[Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act]], and co-authored the [[Bayh–Dole Act]], which deals with intellectual property that arises from federal-government-funded research. Bayh voted in favor of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Acts of 1964]] and the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s409|title=HR. 7152. PASSAGE.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.}}</ref> as well as the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]] and the confirmation of [[Thurgood Marshall]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/s78|title=TO PASS S. 1564, THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|work=GovTrack.us}}</ref> He led the Senate opposition to the nominations of [[Clement Haynsworth]] and [[G. Harrold Carswell]], two of [[Richard Nixon]]'s unsuccessful [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] nominees. Bayh intended to seek the Democratic presidential nomination in 1972, but declined to run after his wife was diagnosed with cancer. He sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976, but dropped out of the campaign after disappointing finishes in the first set of primaries and caucuses.

Bayh won re-election in 1968 and 1974, but lost his 1980 bid for a fourth term to [[Dan Quayle]], who later became [[Vice President of the United States | vice president]] under [[President of the United States | President]] [[George Herbert Walker Bush | George H.W. Bush]]. After leaving the Senate, he remained active in the political and legal world. His son, [[Evan Bayh]], served as the 46th [[Governor of Indiana]] and held his father's former U.S. Senate seat from 1999 to 2011.