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Black hat (computer security)
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{{Short description|Computer hacker with malicious intent}} {{Redirect|Blackhat||Black hat (disambiguation){{!}}Black hat}} A '''black hat''' ('''black hat hacker''' or '''blackhat''') is a computer [[security hacker|hacker]] who violates laws or ethical standards for nefarious purposes, such as [[cybercrime]], [[cyberwarfare]], or malice. These acts can range from [[Online piracy|piracy]] to [[identity theft]]. A black hat is often referred to as a "cracker".<ref>{{Citation |last=Sheikh |first=Ahmed |title=Introduction to Ethical Hacking |date=2021 |work=Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Preparation Guide |pages=1β9 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7258-9_1 |access-date=2024-03-08 |place=Berkeley, CA |publisher=Apress |doi=10.1007/978-1-4842-7258-9_1 |isbn=978-1-4842-7257-2|s2cid=239755067 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The term originates from 1950s [[Western (genre)|westerns]], with "bad guys" (criminals) typically depicted as having worn black hats and "good guys" (heroes) wearing white ones. In the same way, black hat hacking is contrasted with the more ethical [[White hat (computer security)|white hat]] approach to hacking. Additionally, there exists a third category, called [[Grey hat|grey hat hacking]], characterized by individuals who hack, usually with good intentions but by illegal means.<ref name="What is a Black-Hat hacker">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=What is a Black-Hat hacker? |url=https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/threats/black-hat-hacker |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.kaspersky.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=testovaniebezpecnosti |date=2017-11-10 |title=Hackers are not just the bad guys β brief history and classification |url=https://hacktrophy.com/en/hackers-history-and-classification/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=HackTrophy |language=sk}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
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