Editing Blended learning (section)

{{Short description|Education practice}}
{{Educational research}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
'''Blended learning''' or '''hybrid learning''', also known as '''technology-mediated instruction''', '''web-enhanced instruction''', or '''mixed-mode instruction''',<!---see Terminology, below, for citations---> is an approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with physical place-based classroom methods.

Blended learning requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Enhancing Students' Language Skills through Blended Learning|journal=Electronic Journal of e-Learning|volume=14}}</ref><ref name="Report:Defining Blended Learning">Friesen, Norm (2012). [https://www.normfriesen.info/papers/Defining_Blended_Learning_NF.pdf "Report:Defining Blended Learning"]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.innosightinstitute.org/innosight/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Classifying-K-12-blended-learning2.pdf |title=Blended Learning (Staker / Horn – May 2012) |access-date=October 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821034813/http://www.innosightinstitute.org/innosight/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Classifying-K-12-blended-learning2.pdf |archive-date=August 21, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While students still attend [[brick and mortar|brick-and-mortar]] schools with a teacher present, face-to-face classroom practices are combined with [[educational technology|computer-mediated activities]] regarding content and delivery.<ref name="post1">{{cite news|author=Strauss, Valerie|date=September 22, 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/three-fears-about-blended-learning/2012/09/22/56af57cc-035d-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_blog.html|title=Three fears about blended learning|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=Blended course design: A synthesis of best practices.|journal=Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks|volume=16}}</ref> It is also used in professional development and training settings.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Blended learning: efficient, timely, and cost effective.|last = Lothridge|first = Karen|date = 2013|journal = Journal of Forensic Sciences|volume = 45|issue = 4|pages = 407–416|doi = 10.1080/00450618.2013.767375|s2cid = 110935505|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Since blended learning is highly context-dependent, a universal conception of it is difficult.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moskal|first1=Patsy|last2=Dziuban|first2=Charles|last3=Hartman|first3=Jole|date=December 20, 2012|title=Blended learning: A dangerous idea?|journal=Internet and Higher Education|volume=18|pages=15–23|doi=10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.12.001}}</ref> Some reports have claimed that a lack of consensus on a hard definition of blended learning has led to difficulties in research on its effectiveness.<ref name=Oliver>{{cite journal|vauthors=Oliver M, Trigwell K|year=2005|title=Can 'Blended Learning' Be Redeemed?|journal=E-Learning|volume=2|number=1|pages=17–26|doi=10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.17|s2cid=62214998}}</ref> A well-cited 2013 study broadly defined blended learning as a mixture of online and in-person delivery where the online portion effectively replaces some of the face-to-face contact time rather than supplementing it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=Charles R.|last2=Woodfield|first2=Wendy|last3=Harrison|first3=J. Buckley|date=July 1, 2013|title=A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education|journal=The Internet and Higher Education|series=Blended Learning in Higher Education: Policy and Implementation Issues|volume=18|pages=4–14|doi=10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.003|issn=1096-7516}}</ref>

Additionally, a 2015 [[meta-analysis]] that historically looked  back at a comprehensive review of evidence-based research studies around blended learning, found commonalities in defining that blended learning was "considered a combination of physical f2f [face to face] modes of instruction with online modes of learning, drawing on technology-mediated instruction, where all participants in the learning process are separated by distance some of the time."<ref>Siemens, G., Gašević, D., & Dawson, S. (2015). Preparing for the Digital University: a review of the history and current state of distance, blended, and online learning. Pg. 62. Athabasca University. Retrieved from http://linkresearchlab.org/PreparingDigitalUniversity.pdf</ref> This report also found that all of these evidence-based studies concluded that student achievement was higher in blended learning experiences when compared to either fully online or fully face-to-face learning experiences.<ref>Siemens, G., Gašević, D., & Dawson, S. (2015). Preparing for the Digital University: a review of the history and current state of distance, blended, and online learning. Pg. 71. Athabasca University. Retrieved from http://linkresearchlab.org/PreparingDigitalUniversity.pdf</ref> Whereas, "Hybrid learning is an educational model where some students attend class in-person, while others join the class virtually from home."<ref>{{cite web |last1=LABS |first1=OWL |title=What Is Hybrid Learning? Here's Everything You Need to Know |url=https://resources.owllabs.com/blog/hybrid-learning |website=OWL LABS |access-date=November 22, 2023}}</ref> Many Universities turned to remote learning and hybrid formats returning from the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bardsley |first1=Daniel |title=UAE universities say hybrid learning here to stay |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/2021/07/16/uae-universities-embrace-hybrid-learning-as-students-thrive-during-pandemic/ |website=The National |language=en |date=July 16, 2021}}</ref>