Editing Bone tumor (section)

{{Short description|Abnormal growth of tissue within bone}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Bone tumor
| synonyms        = 
| image           = Fibroma non ossificante-RX.jpg
| caption         = [[Non-ossifying fibroma]] of [[tibia]]
| pronounce       = 
| field           = [[Orthopedics]]
| symptoms        = Lump, [[pain]], [[focal neurologic signs|neurological signs]],<ref name=Maruth2018/> [[pathologic fracture|unexplained broken bone]],<ref name="orthoinfo"/> [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[fever]], [[weight loss]], [[anemia]] and [[nausea]].<ref name="orthoinfo"/><ref name=CDCQ&A/> Sometimes no symptoms<ref name="orthoinfo"/><ref name=CDCQ&A/>
| complications   = 
| onset           = 
| duration        = 
| types           = [[benign|Noncancerous]] (benign) or [[malignant|cancerous]] (malignant)<ref name=Maruth2018/>
| causes          = 
| risks           = 
| diagnosis       = [[Medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy|biopsy]]<ref name=Maruth2018/> 
| differential    = 
| prevention      = 
| treatment       = 
| medication      = 
| prognosis       = Varies with type<ref name=WHOblue2020p.338>{{cite book|title=Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaR9zQEACAAJ|year=2020|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|isbn=978-92-832-4502-5|pages=338–344}}</ref>
| frequency       = Common<ref name=WHOblue2020p.338/>
| deaths          = 
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->

A '''bone tumor''' is an [[neoplastic|abnormal growth]] of tissue in [[bone]], traditionally classified as [[benign|noncancerous]] (benign) or [[malignant|cancerous]] (malignant).<ref name=Maruth2018>{{Cite book|vauthors=Maruthainar N, Bhumbra R, Cannon S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cyGDwAAQBAJ&q=basic+orthopaedic+sciences+ramachandran+second|title=Basic Orthopaedic Sciences|date=2018|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4441-2098-1|veditors=Ramachandran M|edition=2nd|chapter=7. Orthopaedic oncology|language=en|pages=105–121|access-date=2021-11-28|archive-date=2024-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726175140/https://books.google.com/books?id=_cyGDwAAQBAJ&q=basic+orthopaedic+sciences+ramachandran+second#v=snippet&q=basic%20orthopaedic%20sciences%20ramachandran%20second&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WHOblue2020p.338/> Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from [[Lung cancer|lung]], [[Breast cancer|breast]], [[Thyroid cancer|thyroid]], [[kidney cancer|kidney]] and [[Prostate cancer|prostate]].<ref name=Maruth2018/>  There may be a lump, pain, or [[focal neurologic signs|neurological signs]] from pressure.<ref name=Maruth2018/> A bone tumor might present with a [[pathologic fracture]].<ref name=Maruth2018/> Other symptoms may include [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[fever]], [[weight loss]], [[anemia]] and [[nausea]].<ref name="orthoinfo">{{cite web |title=Bone Tumor - Types and Treatments - OrthoInfo - AAOS |url=https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bone-tumor/ |website=www.orthoinfo.org |access-date=27 June 2021 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320160940/https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bone-tumor/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CDCQ&A>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/phase2/mbone.pdf |title=Questions and Answers about Bone Cancer |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=27 June 2021 |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002174316/https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/phase2/mbone.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Sometimes there are no symptoms and the tumour is found when investigating another problem.<ref name="orthoinfo"/><ref name=CDCQ&A/>

<!-- Diagnosis-->
Diagnosis is generally by [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] and other [[Radiography|radiological tests]] such as [[CT scan]], [[MRI]], [[Positron emission tomography|PET scan]] and [[bone scintigraphy]].<ref name=Maruth2018/> Blood tests might include a [[complete blood count]], inflammatory markers, [[Gel electrophoresis of proteins|serum electrophoresis]], [[Prostate-specific antigen|PSA]], [[kidney function]] and [[liver function]].<ref name=Maruth2018/> Urine may be tested for [[Bence Jones protein]].<ref name=Maruth2018/> For confirmation of diagnosis, a [[biopsy]] for [[Histopathology|histological evaluation]] might be required.<ref name=Maruth2018/>

The most common bone tumor is a [[non-ossifying fibroma]].<ref name=WHOblue2020p.338/> Average [[five-year survival]] in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%.<ref name=SEER>{{cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bone and Joint Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/bones.html|website=NCI|access-date=18 June 2014|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420090626/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/bones.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The earliest known bone tumor was an [[osteosarcoma]] in a foot bone discovered in South Africa, between 1.6 and 1.8 million years ago.<ref name="Strauss2016"/>