Editing Butrint (section)

{{Short description|World Heritage Site in Albania}}
{{Infobox ancient site
  |name            = Butrint
  |native_name     = Butrint {{in lang|sq}} <br /> Boυθρωτόν ''Bouthroton'' {{in lang|el}} <br />  Buthrotum {{in lang|la}} 
  |image           = Amphitheatre_of_Butrint_2009.jpg
  |image_size      = 255
  |caption         = Theatre of Buthrotum
  |map_type        = Albania |relief = 1  
  |map_caption     = Location in Albania
  |map_size        = 255
  |coordinates     = {{coord|39|44|44|N|20|1|14|E|display=inline,title}}
  |location        = [[Vlorë County]], [[Albania]]
  |region          = [[Chaonia]]
  |type            = Settlement
  |part_of         = 
  |length          = 
  |width           = 
  |area            = 
  |height          = 
  |builder         = 
  |material        = 
  |built           = 
  |abandoned       = 
  |epochs          = Antiquity and Middle Ages
  |cultures        =  
  |dependency_of   = 
  |occupants       = 
  |event           = 
  |excavations     = 
  |archaeologists  =  [[Luigi Maria Ugolini]] and Hasan Ceka
  |condition       = 
  |ownership       = 
  |management      = 
  |public_access   = yes
  |website         = 
  |notes           = 
  | embedded =   {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
     |child      = yes
     |ID         = 570
     |Year       = 1992
     |Extension  = 1999
     |Criteria   = Cultural: iii
     |Danger     = 1997 to 2005
     }}{{Designation list
     | embed = yes
     | designation1 = Ramsar
     | designation1_offname = Butrint
     | designation1_date = 28 March 2003
     | designation1_number = 1290<ref>{{Cite web|title=Butrint|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1290|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>
   }}
}}

'''Butrint''' ({{langx|el|Βουθρωτόν and Βουθρωτός<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/241#O709.16 Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, O709.1]</ref>|''Bouthrōtón''}}, {{langx|la|Buthrōtum}}, {{langx|sq|Butrint}}) was an [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] [[polis]] and later [[Roman Empire|Roman]] city and the seat of an early Christian bishopric in [[Epirus]]. 

Originally a settlement of the Greek tribe of the [[Chaonians]],<ref name=Borza>{{cite book|first=Eugene N.|last=Borza |title=In the Shadow of Olympus: the Emergence of Macedon |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |year=1992|edition=Revised |quote=Speakers of these various Greek dialects settled different parts of Greece at different times during the Middle Bronze Age, with one group, the 'northwest' Greeks, developing their own dialect and peopling central Epirus. This was the origin of the Molossian or Epirotic tribes. [...] a proper dialect of Greek, like the dialects spoken by Dorians and Molossians.&nbsp;... The western mountains were peopled by the Molossians (the western Greeks of Epirus).}}</ref><ref name=CAH>{{cite book|first=P. Mack |last=Crew |title=The Cambridge Ancient History – The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC, Part 3: Volume 3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1982|edition=Second |quote=That the Molossians... spoke Illyrian or another barbaric tongue was nowhere suggested, although [[Aeschylus]] and [[Pindar]] wrote of Molossian lands. That they in fact spoke greek was implied by [[Herodotus]]' inclusion of Molossi among the Greek colonists of Asia Minor, but became demonstrable only when D. Evangelides published two long inscriptions of the Molossian State, set up p. 369 BC at [[Dodona]], in Greek and with Greek names, Greek patronymies and Greek tribal names such as Celaethi, Omphales, Tripolitae, Triphylae etc. As the Molossian cluster of tribes in the time of Hecataeus included the Orestae, Pelagones, Lyncestae, Tymphaei and Elimeotae, as we have argued above, we may be confident that they too were Greek-speaking.}}</ref><ref name=Hammond>{{cite book|first=NGL |last=Hammond |title=Philip of Macedon |publisher=Duckworth |location=London, UK |year=1994 |quote=Epirus was a land of milk and animal products&nbsp;... The social unit was a small tribe, consisting of several nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, and these tribes, of which more than seventy names are known, coalesced into large tribal coalitions, three in number: Thesprotians, Molossians and Chaonians&nbsp;... We know from the discovery of inscriptions that these tribes were speaking the Greek language (in a West-Greek dialect).}}</ref> it later became part of the [[Epirus (ancient state)|state of Epirus]] and later a Roman ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'' and a Byzantine [[bishop]]ric. It entered into decline in [[Late Antiquity]], before being abandoned during the Middle Ages after a major earthquake flooded most of the city. In modern times it is an [[archaeology|archeological]] site in [[Vlorë County]], [[Albania]], some {{convert|14|km}} south of [[Sarandë]], close to the [[Greece|Greek]] border. It is located on a hill overlooking the [[Vivari Channel]] and is part of the [[Butrint National Park]]. Today Bouthrotum is a Latin Catholic [[titular see]] and also features the [[Ali Pasha Castle]].

The city is considered one of the most important [[archaeological site]]s in Albania. On the strength of the immense wealth of cultural, historical and natural value with a considerable history, Butrint was declared a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1992 and further a [[Butrint National Park|National Park]] in 2000 under the leadership of [[Auron Tare]], its first director.<ref>{{cite web|author1=UNESCO|author-link=UNESCO|title=Butrint|website=whc.unesco.org|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/570}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Per Shpalljen Park Kombetar Ne Mbrojtje Te Shtetit Te Zones Arkeologjike Te Butrintit|url=http://www.imk.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/VKM-Nr.82-date-2.3.2000-PER-SHPALLJEN-PARK-KOMBETAR-NE-MBROJTJE-TE-SHTETIT-BUTRINTIT.pdf|website=imk.gov.al|language=sq|access-date=2018-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181722/http://www.imk.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/VKM-Nr.82-date-2.3.2000-PER-SHPALLJEN-PARK-KOMBETAR-NE-MBROJTJE-TE-SHTETIT-BUTRINTIT.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>