Editing Buzz pollination (section)

{{Short description|Technique used by bees to release pollen}}
[[File:Buzz Pollination (Sonication) (10243478783).jpg|thumbnail|A female ''[[Augochloropsis]]'' using buzz pollination]]
[[File:Bumblebee buzzpollinating Solanum dulcamara.webm|thumb|Bumble bee buzz-pollinates ''[[Solanum dulcamara]]'']]
'''Buzz pollination''' or '''sonication''' is a technique used by some bees, such as [[solitary bees]] and [[bumblebee]]s, to release [[pollen]] which is more or less firmly held by the [[anthers]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Reproductive biology of six Brazilian Myrtaceae:-is there a syndrome associated with buzz-pollination?|journal = New Zealand Journal of Botany|date = 2009-12-01|issn = 0028-825X|pages = 355–365|volume = 47|issue = 4|doi = 10.1080/0028825x.2009.9672712|first1 = Adriana De O.|last1 = Fidalgo|first2 = Astrid De M. P.|last2 = Kleinert|doi-access = | bibcode=2009NZJB...47..355F }}</ref> The anthers of buzz-pollinated plant species are typically tubular, with an opening at only one end, and the pollen inside is smooth-grained and firmly attached. With self-fertile plants such as tomatoes, wind may be sufficient to shake loose the pollen through pores in the anther and accomplish [[pollination]]. Visits by bees may also shake loose some pollen, but more efficient pollination of those plants is accomplished by a few insect species who specialize in [[sonication]] or buzz pollination.<ref name=bestpractices/>

In order to release the pollen, solitary bees are able to grab onto the flower and move their flight muscles rapidly, causing the flower and anthers to vibrate, dislodging pollen. Pollination involving vibrations is called buzz pollination. [[Honeybee]]s cannot perform buzz pollination.<ref name=bestpractices>{{citation |url=http://www.pollinator.ca/bestpractices/images/Pollination%20in%20Agricultural%20Landscape_Woodcock_Final.pdf |title=Pollination in the Agricultural Landscape: Best Management Practices for Crop Pollination |author=Thomas S. Woodcock |publisher=Canadian Pollination Initiative (NSERC-CANPOLIN) |year=2012 |access-date=2016-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219004510/http://www.pollinator.ca/bestpractices/images/Pollination%20in%20Agricultural%20Landscape_Woodcock_Final.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> About 9% of the flowers of the world are primarily pollinated using buzz pollination.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25084671?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Buchmann, S.  J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 1985 Bees Use Vibration to Aid Pollen Collection from Non-Poricidal Flowers.]</ref>
[[File:Senna. anthers.jpg|thumb|''[[Senna (plant)|Senna]]''{{'}}s poricidal anthers.]]