Editing C. R. Rao (section)

{{Short description|Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)}}{{Family name hatnote|Calyampudi|lang=Telugu}}{{Distinguish|C. N. R. Rao}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = C. R. Rao
| image             = Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao at ISI Chennai (cropped).JPG
| image_upright     = 1.2
| caption           = Rao in 2012
| birth_name        = Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao
| honorific_suffix  = [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|1920|09|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[Hoovina Hadagali]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br>(present day [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagara]], [[Karnataka]], India)<ref name="Nielsen" /><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/107/05/0895.pdf|title=C. R. Rao: A life in statistics|last=Prakasa Rao|first=B. L. S.|date=10 September 2014|website=Current Science|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
| citizenship       = Indian (until 1995)<br>American (1995–2023)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|title=The Numberdars|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323041225/http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>
| nationality       = 
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|2023|08|22|1920|09|10|df=yes}}
| death_place       = [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| field             = Mathematics and Statistics 
| work_institution  = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Indian Statistical Institute]]|[[Cambridge University]]|[[Pennsylvania State University]]|[[University at Buffalo]]}}
| education         = [[Andhra University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br />[[University of Calcutta]] (MA)<br />[[King's College, Cambridge]] ([[PhD]], [[DSc]])
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Ronald Fisher]]
| doctoral_students = {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|[[S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan]]<br /> [[K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)|K. R. Parthasarathy]] <br /> [[Veeravalli S. Varadarajan]] <br /> [[R. Ranga Rao (mathematician)|R. Ranga Rao]] <br /> [[Debabrata Basu]] <br /> [[Radha Laha]] <br /> [[Ravindra Khattree]] <br /> [[Thiruvenkatachari Parthasarathy]] <br /> [[Dabeeru C. Rao]]<br />[[Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka]] <br /> [[U. S. R. Murty]]}}
| known_for         =  [[Multivariate statistics|Multivariate statistical theory]]<br />[[Cramér–Rao bound]]<br />[[Rao–Blackwell theorem]] <br /> [[Orthogonal array]]s<br />[[Score test]]
| thesis_title      = Statistical Problems of Biological Classifications
| thesis_year       = 1948
| prizes            = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1968)<br />[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2001)<br />[[National Medal of Science]] (2001)<br />[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|S. S. Bhatnagar Prize]] (1963)<br />[[Guy Medal]] {{small|(Silver 1965, Gold 2011)}} <br/>[[International Prize in Statistics]] (2023)
| footnotes         =
}}

'''Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS}} (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.<ref name="Numberdars">{{cite web|url=http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|title=The Numberdars|date=1 October 2001|work=Times Crest|access-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323041225/http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> He was [[professor emeritus]] at [[Pennsylvania State University]] and research professor at the [[University at Buffalo]]. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and [[festschrift]]s and was awarded the US [[National Medal of Science]] in 2002.<ref name=amstat>{{cite web|url=http://www.amstat.org/about/statisticiansinhistory/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioID=13|title=Statisticians in History: Calyampudi R. Rao|date=30 November 2016|publisher=[[American Statistical Association]]|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195003/http://www.amstat.org/about/statisticiansinhistory/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioID=13|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[American Statistical Association]] has described him as "a [[living legend (person)|living legend]]" whose work has influenced not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications for fields as varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine."<ref name=amstat/> ''[[The Times of India]]'' listed Rao as one of the top 10 Indian scientists of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crraoaimscs.org/crrao-in-news|title=C.R.Rao in News|publisher=C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science}}</ref>

In 2023, Rao was awarded the [[International Prize in Statistics]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Prize in Statistics |url=https://www.statprize.org/ |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=www.statprize.org |language=en}}</ref> an award often touted as the "statistics' equivalent of the Nobel Prize".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Biswas |first=Atanu |date=8 April 2023 |title=C.R. Rao wins top statistics award – a look back at his pioneering work |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/cr-rao-international-prize-statistics-2023-pioneering-contributions/article66710819.ece |access-date=10 April 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Rao was also a Senior Policy and Statistics advisor for the [[Indian Heart Association]] non-profit focused on raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Heart Association|url=http://www.indianheartassociation.org|publisher=Indian Heart Association Webpage|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>