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CANTAT-1
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'''CANTAT-1''' was the first [[Canada|Canadian]] [[transatlantic telephone cable]], between [[Hampden, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hampden]], [[Newfoundland]] and eventually [[Grosses-Roches|Grosses-Roches, Quebec]] and [[Oban]], [[United Kingdom]], which followed on from the success of [[TAT-1]].<ref name=HATCANTAT>{{cite web |url=https://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1961CANTAT/index.htm |title=1961 CANTAT Cable |last=Glover |first=Bill |website=History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications |access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=HATtime>{{cite web |url=https://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/CableTimeLine/index1951.htm |title=Cable Timeline: 1951-2000 |last=Glover |first=Bill |website=History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications |access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> It was conceived and approved as stage one of a proposed commonwealth round the world cable and was done at a cost of $8,500,000.<ref name=Hills>{{cite book|author=Jill Hills|title=Telecommunications and Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gc9oTZsiM10C&pg=PA57|year=2007|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-03258-5|lccn=2007023284 |pages=33, 57β58}}</ref> The system was jointly owned by [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] and the [[VSNL International Canada|Canadian Overseas Telecommunication Corporation]] (COTC). The system, involving the first commercial use of a new lightweight deep sea cable with a weight in water of about one-fifth that of armored deep sea cable, was laid in two phases. The first, CANTAT A, was the {{cvt|2072|nmi| mi km}} ocean section laid by HMTS [[CS Monarch (1945)|''Monarch'']] with the U.K. shore end laid by HMTS ''Ariel''<ref group=note>Built 1939 by Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd.</ref> and the Canadian end laid by the U.S. Army CS [[USNS Albert J. Myer|''Albert J. Myer'']]. The second phase, linked by overland cable from Hampden to [[Corner Brook]], Newfoundland, was the {{cvt|400|nmi| mi km}} segment laid by HMTS CS ''Alert''<ref group=note>Fourth ''Alert'', built in 1961 by Fairfield Ship Building & Engineering.</ref> with both shore ends laid by CS ''Hadsund''.<ref name=HATCANTAT/><ref name=HATtime/> The new Trans Atlantic cables, TAT-1, CANTAT-1 and [[TAT-2]], with their high capacity brought about a major change in regulations, with specific changes in the [[U.S. Federal Communications Commission]] policies regarding lease of foreign cable channels by U.S. international record carriers.<ref group=note>Companies had been divided by the [[Communications Act of 1934]] according to the technology used.</ref><ref name=Hills/> CANTAT-1 operated from 1961 to 1986, initially carrying 60 telephone circuits, later modified from 4 kHz channels to 3 kHz channels, expanding capacity to 80 telephone circuits.<ref name=HATCANTAT/><ref name=HATtime/>
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