Editing CD-i (section)

{{Short description|Interactive multimedia and video gaming standard}}
{{Redirect|CDi|3=CDI (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox storage medium
| name = Compact Disc-Interactive
| logo = [[File:CDIlogo.svg|class=skin-invert|150px]]
| image = CD-i-910-Console-Set.jpg
| caption = Philips CDI 910, the first consumer-oriented CD-i player, pictured with its "Touchpad" game controller
| type = [[Optical disc]]
| encoding = Various
| capacity = Up to {{val|744|ul=MB}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.icdia.co.uk/faq/cdifaq3.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730022318/http://www.icdia.co.uk/faq/cdifaq3.html| url-status=live|  archive-date=2021-07-30 | title=The New International CD-i Association}}</ref>
| read = 
| write = 
| released = {{start date|1990}}
| discontinued = {{end date|1999|06}}
| standard = [[Rainbow Books|Green Book]]
| owner = [[Philips]], [[Sony]]
| use = Audio, video and data storage
| extended from = [[Compact disc]]
| extended to = 
}}
{{Optical disc authoring}}
The '''Compact Disc-Interactive''' ('''CD-I''', later '''CD-i''') is a [[Digital media|digital]] [[optical disc]] [[data storage device|data storage]] format as well as a hardware platform, co-developed and marketed by Dutch company [[Philips]] and Japanese company [[Sony]]. It was created as an extension of [[Compact Disc Digital Audio|CDDA]] and [[CD-ROM]] and specified in the ''[[Rainbow Books|Green Book]]'' specifications, co-developed by Philips and [[Sony]], to combine audio, text and graphics.<ref name="philipscdi.com">{{Cite web |title=Philipscdi.com :: History |url=https://www.philipscdi.com/history.htm |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=www.philipscdi.com |archive-date=July 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730050356/https://www.philipscdi.com/history.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The two companies initially expected to impact the education/training, [[point of sale]], and home entertainment industries,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/VideodiscsInHealthcareAGuideToTheIndustry_201609/page/n19 |title=Videodiscs in Healthcare: A Guide to the Industry Third Edition |publisher=Stewart Publishing |year=1990}}</ref> but the CD-i is largely remembered today for its [[video game]]s.

CD-i media physically have the same dimensions as CD, but with up to {{val|744|ul=MB}} of digital data storage, including up to 72 minutes of [[full motion video]].<ref name="Optical Disc Technology">{{Cite web | url=http://repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu/sam/icets/opttech.htm| url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/http://repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu/sam/icets/opttech.htm| archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=Optical Disc Technology}}{{cbignore}}</ref> CD-i players were usually standalone boxes that connect to a standard television; some less common setups included integrated CD-i television sets and expansion modules for [[personal computers]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icdia.co.uk/players/nonphilips.html|title=The New International CD-i Association|website=Icdia.co.uk|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=August 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804191026/http://www.icdia.co.uk/players/nonphilips.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Most players were created by Philips; the format was licensed by Philips and [[Microware]] for use by other manufacturers, notably Sony who released professional CD-i players under the "Intelligent [[Discman]]" brand. Unlike CD-ROM drives, CD-i players are complete computer systems centered around dedicated [[Motorola 68000]]-based microprocessors and its own operating system called CD-RTOS, which is an acronym for ''"[[Compact disc]] – [[Real Time Operating System]]"''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_I_Compact_Disc_Interactive.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_I_Compact_Disc_Interactive.html |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=What is CD-I (Compact Disc-Interactive)? Webopedia Definition |date=September 1996}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://209.68.14.80/ref/cd/formatCDI-c.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/http://209.68.14.80/ref/cd/formatCDI-c.html |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=CD-Interactive (CD-I)}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="gamefaqs.gamespot.com">{{Cite web |url=https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/cdi/916370-cd-i/faqs/2636| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213204430/https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/cdi/916370-cd-i/faqs/2636 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-12-13 |title=CD-I - CD-I FAQ - CD-I - by Philips - GameFAQs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://archives.cpajournal.com/old/14628714.htm| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/http://archives.cpajournal.com/old/14628714.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=Multimedia: A new technology for the CPA. (Includes related article)}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Media released on the format included video games and "[[edutainment]]" and multimedia reference titles, such as interactive encyclopedias and museum tours – which were popular before public [[Internet]] access was widespread – as well as business software.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/113000/20151203/ahead-of-their-time-the-philips-cd-i.htm| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/https://www.techtimes.com/articles/113000/20151203/ahead-of-their-time-the-philips-cd-i.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=Ahead of Their Time: The Philips CD-i, A Multimedia Gaming Machine with Proprietary Problems |date=December 3, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Philips's CD-i system also implemented [[Online console gaming|Internet features]], including subscriptions, web browsing, downloading, e-mail, and online play.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sandra |title=Kits let television go online |date=1 April 1996 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/237307211| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/https://www.newspapers.com/image/237307211 |archive-date=2021-10-31 |work=Daily Press |location=Newport, Virginia |page=B7 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Philips's aim with its players was to introduce interactive multimedia content for the general public by combining features of a [[CD player]] and [[game console]],<ref name="Optical Disc Technology"/> but at a lower price than a personal computer with a CD-ROM drive.

[[Authoring system|Authoring]] kits for the format were released first in 1988, and the first player aimed for home consumers, Philips's CDI 910/205, was released in late 1991. It was initially priced around {{US$|1000|1991|fmt=eq}},<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/02/business/company-news-new-philips-cd.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/N/New%20Models,%20Design%20and%20Products |title=COMPANY NEWS; New Philips CD |work=The New York Times |date=April 2, 1992 |access-date=August 19, 2009 |archive-date=September 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904194546/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/02/business/company-news-new-philips-cd.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FN%2FNew%20Models%2C%20Design%20and%20Products |url-status=live }}</ref> and was capable of playing interactive CD-i discs, [[Audio CD]]s, [[CD+G]] (CD+Graphics), [[Photo CD]]s and [[Video CD]]s (VCDs), though the latter required an optional "Digital Video Card" to provide [[MPEG-1]] decoding. Initially marketed to consumers as "home entertainment systems", and in later years as a "gaming platform",<ref name="philipscdi.com"/> CD-i did not manage to find enough success in the market, and was mostly abandoned by Philips in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-history-of-the-philips-cdi-failed-playstation-ancestor| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-history-of-the-philips-cdi-failed-playstation-ancestor |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31 |title=The History of the Philips CD-i, Failed PlayStation Ancestor|first=Eric|last=Grundhauser|date=March 25, 2016|website=Atlas Obscura|access-date=12 August 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2018/07/hardware_classics_uncovering_the_tragic_tale_of_the_philips_cd-i |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211031/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2018/07/hardware_classics_uncovering_the_tragic_tale_of_the_philips_cd-i |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-10-31|title=Hardware Classics: Uncovering The Tragic Tale Of The Philips CD-i |date=July 23, 2018 |website=Nintendo Life |access-date=12 August 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The format continued to be supported for licensees for a few more years after.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2001 |title=CD-i FAQ 2000 Edition |url=https://www.digitpress.com/faq/cd-i%20faq.pdf |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=Digital Press |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319144410/http://www.digitpress.com/faq/cd-i%20faq.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>